deatharms Accepting Death in Ernest Hemingways A...

Accepting Death in Hemingways A Farewell To Arms A Farewell To Arms is Ernest Hemingways poignant yet simple tale of two young lovers who meet during the chaos of W.W.I and the relationship that endures until its tragic end. Frederick Henry, an American lieutenant in the Italian army, and Catherine Barkley, an English volunteer nurse, share a devout love for one another that deepens as Catherine becomes pregnant, yet their blissful relationship becomes tragically shortened as the baby and Catherine die as a result of the birth, leaving Frederick alone to accept their deaths. Written in the distinctive and unimbellished style signature to Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell To Arms carries the reader through a roller-coaster of emotions†¦show more content†¦Hemingway uniquely writes in a manner that continuously places his characters in the face of death; testing them to conquer it and to discover their potential to cope with lifes pressures. In A Farewell To Arms Frederick and Catherine shared many glorious times together during their lives. However, death had a subsequent test for Frederick, which was to discover his sense of being through the confrontation of death of Catherine and their baby. So that was it. The baby was dead. That was why the doctors looked so tired. But why had they acted the way they did in the room with him? They supposed he would come around and start breathing probably. I had no religion but I knew he ought to have been baptized. But what if he never breathed at all. He hadnt. he had never been alive. Except in Catherine. Id felt him kick there often enough. But I hadnt for a week. Maybe he was choked all the time. Poor little kid. I wished the hell Id been choked like that. No I didnt. Still there would not be all this dying to go through. Now Catherine would die. That was what you did. You died. You did not know what it was about. You never had time to learn. They threw you in and told you the rules and the first time they caught you off base they killed you... But they killed you in the end. You could count on that. Stay around and they would kill you (302,303). In this passage, the tragic end to Catherine and the babys life remains prominent, and Frederick realizes

The impacts of the Stolen Generation on Australian Life Essay

The Stolen Generation has had a great effect on Aboriginal rights and freedoms as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders didn’t even have the rights to raise and look after their children and as a result 100,000 Aboriginal Australian’s were displaced and placed into white families. The lack of understanding and respect for Aboriginal culture also meant that many people who supported the removal of these children really thought they were doing â€Å"the right thing†. The impact on Australian life today is still being felt as the Stolen Generation is seen as a recent event has it only ended in the early 1970s. Children that where taken away back then now cannot trace back their roots and therefore have no record of their family history or where†¦show more content†¦The assimilation program and federal law just caused mass amounts of problems not just now but for future generations to come. Many members of the Stolen Generation have a sense of loneliness, l ow self-esteem, loss of identity and mistrusting everyone and have also shown a much higher unemployment rate causing economic problems. The Stolen generation also has had an impact on Parliament as seen in the famous â€Å"I’m Sorry† speech by Kevin Rudd in 2007 and more recent apologies to the â€Å"White Stolen Generation†. The Stolen Generation has impacted Aboriginal Australian life drastically and Australian’s history and is often portrayed in the media and in movies such as Rabbit Proof Fence. Only in recent years have we seen the recognition that the stolen generation deserves and the essential part it has play in the struggle of Aboriginal rights. Since the end of the stolen generation, numerous organisations and government agency has come out and said sorry for what happened for seventy years and as a result Aboriginal rights are becoming more apparent. The famous â€Å"I’m sorry† speech said by Kevin Rudd was the first Parliament apology to the Stolen Generation and was seen as a huge leap forward in the recognition of the Stolen Generation. The Bringing Them Home Report in 1997 was a strong campaign for TheShow MoreRelated The Stolen Generation of Aboriginal Decent Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stolen Generation has left devastating impacts upon the Aboriginal culture and heritage, Australian history and the presence of equality experienced today. The ‘Stolen Generation’ refers to the children of Aboriginal descent being forcefully abdu cted by government officials of Australia and placed within institutions and catholic orphanages, being forced to assimilate into ‘white society’. These dehumanising acts placed these stolen children to experience desecration of culture, loss of identityRead MoreIndigenous Australian s Impact On Mental Health And Social And Emotional Wellbeing1407 Words   |  6 Pagesand Anderson, 2008). Aboriginal people have a diverse culture with a rich and compelling history and the impact of colonisation, legislation and the stolen generation has created significant hardships for Indigenous Australians, putting them as the most disadvantaged group (Paradies, Harries, and Anderson, 2008). It is known that their life expectancy is seventeen years less than other Australians. The aim of this assignment is to do a biography of an Indigenous person as a representative of a specificRead MoreWhich Policy Had the Largest Impact on the Indigenous Australians1018 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been many unanswered questions in Australia about Aboriginal history. One of these is which government policy towards indigenous people has had the largest impact on Indigenous Australians? Through research the Assimilation Policy had the largest impact upon Indigenous Australians and the three supporting arguments to prove this are the Aborigines losing their rights to freedom, Aboriginal children being removed from their families, and finally the loss of aboriginality. The AssimilationRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Worker On Australian Society1575 Words   |  7 Pagesworker was significant due to the impact of the Stolen Generation on Australian society. The Stolen Generation was a dark period in the Australian history where many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children were often taken without consent from their homes and families by the government, police and welfare authorities. The children were taken from their homes in order to try to ‘civilize them by assimilation into white society’ (McCarthy 2000). The impacts of this period often resulted inRead MoreThe Role Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People1586 Words   |  7 PagesThe ‘Stolen Generations’ is a term used to describe the actions of which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, mostly children, were taken away from their families between the 1890’s and the 1970’s (Korff, 2014). Children were taken to institutions or adopte d by non-Indigenous families and most never saw their families again. In the early 1900’s the Australian public was persuaded into believing Aboriginal children were deprived, mistreated and at risk in their own communities. People believedRead MoreIndigenous Australians1567 Words   |  7 Pagesoriginally derives from the stories of the dreaming. The dreaming is the knowledge and a sense of belonging that the Aboriginals had of the beginning of life and the relationship to the land and sea (Australian Museum, 2011). The dreaming stories are passed on from one generation to the next orally. These stories teach the following generations how to behave towards the land and other people. The dreaming stories give them a sense of duty to protect the land and appreciate it because the dreamtimeRead MoreEssay on Rabbit Proof Fence1109 Words   |  5 Pagesof Australian identity: In the introductory lecture our attention was focused on a number of core themes which run throughout the course. One such theme was the concept of a nation and the way in which cultural products of the nation shape our sense of identity. Rabbit Proof Fence is an important film to examine within this context as it is the first international film to examine the issue of Australias Stolen Generation. The film brought the story of the Australian Stolen Generation to aRead MoreA Shared Sense Of History992 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the Australian continent was not ‘terra nullius’, an empty, uninhabited land. It is about recognition and taking ownership of the history of Indigenous Australians, and also about looking at the chain of events, since colonisation, from their perspective. Up until the late 1960’s it was celebrated that Australia’s history was uniquely peaceful. There was no mention in Australia’s history books of the frontier conflict, or even one mention of Aboriginal people. Indigenous Australians ‘have alwaysRead MoreAssimilation Of Stolen Generations1413 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered what the Stolen Generations are and why they were taken from their families? Between 1910-1970, many Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families because of many government policies. The generations of children removed under these policies became known as the Stolen Generations. These policies left a heritage of trauma and loss that continues to affect Indigenous communities, families, and individuals to this current day. The violent removal of IndigenousRead MoreAcademic Literacies : Learning And Communicating Practices1628 Words   |  7 Pagesdetails being removed). Student Declaration (By typing your name you agree to the above) Amar Sablouh Ethnicity: In 2011, Indigenous people ‘represent around 2.5%’ of the Australian population, whereas they constitute only 1.1% of all applications to university’. The 26th of January 1788, marks Australia day for Australian people. However, this also marks ‘Invasion Day’ for the Aboriginal people. In Australia, Indigenous people have experienced many disadvantages from various factors including

Impacts of Globalization on Business Borders

Question: Discuss about the Impacts of Globalization on Business Borders. Answer: Introduction: Globalization refers to a process, which different companies spirited with the feelings to operate internationally opt to attain the desired goal (Pi 2013). Globalization apart from its advantageous does also bring some challenges, opportunities and problems. HSBC has its headquarter based in London and is the worlds sixth largest bank by total assets, which is US$2.67 trillion. Merger and acquisition are two important terms in the corporate world of finance (Angwin 2012). These key terms more or less represent the term globalization as it involves merging of two companies into one and acquiring of a company over other to establish the global presence. HSBC ever since its inception continues to evolve as one of the most versatile company, which acquit other banks in different countries to fulfil their slogan Think Global, Act Local (HSBC.com, 2017). This is a study-based report on the HSBC acquisition process over other banks in irrespective of the countries to win international customers while operating like a local company adjusting with the culture of the concerned country. International banks do practice acquisition process for few reasons such as reorganization of the loan portfolio of the acquired bank, which is the main source for generating revenues in banks as well as sound risk for the safety of the bank. Moreover, an enhanced lending policies effect in elevated profits. However, the acquisition process might not bring the worth every time as it involves a grand collaboration of companies. Moreover, it is difficult to analyse a potential market and potential local bank to choose for the acquisition. This indeed carries some potential threats for the acquisition trend. The study also highlights certain challenges and problems, which HSBC might have faced during their acquisition process in countries such as UK, Hong Kon g, Shanghai and Japan. Impacts of globalization on business today: Globalization in a company opens its door to an international market with new challenges in the form of changed socio-culture lifestyle of the concerned organization (Lu 2014). Globalization does not only influence the business but also to the common people representing the targeted country (Parves 2013). The socio-culture effect acts like a retarding force to the globalization process by bringing the social barriers in front of a foreign company. A company might come up with something, which is profitable but immensely challenging making its way for those who are skilled and dedicated to their assigned job (Grave, Vardiabasis and Yavas 2012). The importance of the project needs its inception in the common people of the targeted country crossing the entire barrier that comes its way (Angwin 2014). It is where the role of mangers comes in the picture, which helps in effective operation of the project in the targeted country with their years of expertise dealing with the local people. Country managers are those who take care of local customer needs, functioning of the project, legal adherence. Nonetheless, these are inseparable part of a globalization process, which involves the acquisition of a company representing a different country (Kumar, Gera and Saha 2016). Globalization brings about various changes to the concerned company by affecting its revenues, market shares, shareholders, stakeholders etc. Globalization strengthens the economy of a company by increasing the GDP by bringing it closer to an international market. It opens up various export options at the same time. Nevertheless, increased export requirements give way to an increased production of domestic products to meet with the changed requirement (Amadaev 2015). An export normally involves quality product only, which could help in sustaining a healthy export business. In doing so, it only leaves the less in quality product for the local market use. Nonetheless, this can result in a significant fall in reputation in the local market. Globalization has dominated many of multinational companies with its sheer benefits but only few of them are successfully balancing their market performance (Bauer, King and Matzler 2016). Essential elements for international managers to maintain the competitive edge: The worldwide managers focus mainly on to the capitalising of the full benefits of integrated wide-reaching operations (Grant, Frimanson and Nilsson 2015). The business managers, the country managers and the functional managers form the structure of the worldwide managers. They have separate responsibilities depending on their expertise in bringing out the change in the concerned company. The business manager is one who takes care of the designing part of the business (Lian and Zhang 2012). These managers communicate to the country managers regarding the plan to expand the business of the Company in the country. They try to build up the significance of the business in front of the country managers to fill them with utmost excitement for the project, which is important to take a move on the designed path. It is an essential element of the business manager to present the effective picture of the proposed project to give it a further go with measured success. Globalization in a company can never happen if any of the three managers are not efficiently meeting with their assigned task (Mishra 2013). Nonetheless, country managers are very important in setting up the platform for the execution of the business to a global level. They structure the necessary elements that are immensely helpful in establishing global recognition. Traditional values play an important role in establishing the global appeal of a company (Vargas-Hernandez, Lpez-Morales and Palafox-Alcantar 2016). Producing high quality product cannot solely build up the desired image rather it asks for a serious look on the traditional values also. These are country managers, which help in building necessary structure to lay the foundation for the outsource business by keeping the traditional values intact with this. Apart from the business managers and the country managers, the functional managers have distinctive work role to successfully launch the outsource business (Chastagner, Lan and Zhang 2015). Func tional managers are responsible in assimilating the expertise of the Company with the traditional requirement of the outsourced country to maintain a healthy competition in the market (Huang and Brass 2016). Nonetheless, this plays a significant role in widening the reach for a Company in the outsourced country as planned. Big brands such as The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Wells Fargo of U.S. and many more displays the importance of managerial performance in the three mentioned segments, which have helped these brands in establishing their worldwide recognition. Business structure and management of HSBC aligning their global concept: Business structure and the management strategy is the key feature of a successful brand in establishing its global presence with sheer class and potential (Naheem 2015). Ever since its inception, the HSBC Company is continually deploying its strategy to capitalise global market with wide range of network through acquiring different banks in different regions of world. Acquiring different banks in UK, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Japan and many more clearly depicts the picture of a brand, which believes in earning fame by expanding the network worldwide. HSBC merged with The Midland Bank in UK and The Bank of Shanghai in Shanghai to strengthen their foothold in these regions. HSBC believes in creating international presence by acquiring local banks to give it an international recognition. Merger brings strong loan portfolio to the Company, which is extremely helpful in increased revenues generation (Mountis 2012). An increased revenue generation for a merger company establishes a strong image of it in the market, which attracts more and more investments in the Company. Nonetheless, it carries on strengthening the foothold of the merged brand. Merger also helps in capitalising the domestic interest of the common people of the country by creating a strong bond with them with the help of the acquired bank. However, the present scenario in Japan where HSBC is losing its significant presence with the downfall in their revenues generation is worth catching and indicates the serious loss to the strategy of the Company. Nonetheless, the acquiring of its significant shares by the Swiss Private Bank in Japan shows the shutdown for the Company in Japan. Moreover, the Company is now focussing more on other parts of Asian region citing Japan as the non-potential market for the acquisition process (Playfoot and Izura 2013). HSBC relies significantly on the use of technology for the expansion of its services, global flood of goods and finance. HSBC is one of those few global companies , which has an access to more than 90 percent of international GDP, trade and assets flows. The Company has a diverse spread banking network, which has a strong funding and capital base, which produces steady shareholder profits. These are some of the unlike features of the HSBC banking strategy, which is scripting the success story for the Company across its wide range of network. Three kinds of managerial behaviours comprising of business managers, country managers and functional managers is of high urgency in the Company, which is helping the Company in narrowing market competencies, political, economical and legal issues (O'Brien 2015). Political, economical and legal are such issue, which acts as a strong barrier to the expansion and acquisition of different regional banks of numerous countries. To enjoy the same kind of dominance than the one in its own country, it is compulsory for a company to have a supreme command over these three factors. Their management structure to fit the local culture: The three kinds of managerial behaviours for a global operation of a business hold an utmost importance in the world of business market (Morkoetter and Wetzer 2015). HSBC is such a company, which is conservative in their approach establishing this as the most suitable approach to catapult the world market in the 19th century. However, this approach could not stand in the 21st century as it reflects in their adoption to the technology to the fullest of its exposure in the Company to narrow any uncertainties in the future. To maintain a wide coverage of the business, avoiding local clashes in the same segment of the market, the expertise in imparting satisfactory offerings to the local cultures is of utmost urgency (Mountis 2012). There are certain instances of complaints regarding the data leaked of some of its customers but still it is an undeniable fact that HSBC takes all these uncertain happenings seriously. Moreover, the use of CRMS in the acquisition process more or less defines the utmost care of the bank to its customers (Zhu and Zhu 2016). Identification of challenges, opportunities and problems in HSBC: Challenges, opportunities and problems are an inseparable part of any organization (Szpektor et al. 2015.). It is an undeniable fact, which finds its sustenance in every form of organization. HSBC is no any exception and the sale of its effective assets to the Swiss private bank to cut down on its annual expenditure by $3.5 billion efficiently reveals the cautious move of the Company in some part of the world. After spending its significant time, the Company has come across certain business threats in its Japanese circle and that is the reason, the Company has come crossed certain gutsy decision related to the survival of the business in Japan. They are now shifting their focus to those Asian regions, which have potential for the HSBC business. HSBC adopts a principle of acquiring different regional banks representing different countries to establish the market in those parts of the world. The large number of subsidiaries of the HSBC bank globally clearly supports the picture. Operat ion of the business across such a large network opens up ample of opportunities to its customers as well as to its employees and the management. Nevertheless, it also faces certain challenges in the form of its competitors, which creates a bit of problem to the Company. HSBC is no any exception, which carries with it a bundle of variations in its success (HSBC.com, 2017). Of the entire region in the world, the Asian region has proved their status as the potential market for the Company. Moreover, acquiring of different banks in regions like China, Japan, Hong Kong and Shanghai efficiently indicates the scenario surrounding the history of the Company. The acquisition has not produced the same result in all of these regions, which varies significantly in its performance in respective regions. In Japan, the Company is losing its grip with series of incidents related to the customers privacy and this has resulted in making of a tough decision of selling its significant assets to the Swiss private bank. However, with Hong Kong, the case is different. In 1965, the HSBC acquired 51% shares of Hang Seng Bank, which afterward enlarged to 62.14% helping the HSBC in owning the control over the Hang Seng Bank. The acquisition of Hang Seng Bank by the HSBC helped them spreading their network to a wide range in Hong Kong. Around 220 destinations, which Hang Seng Ba nk had previously provided solutions with its utmost services and emerged, as the single centre to extensive services, are now the part of the HSBC bank. The acquisition of Midland bank in UK speaks more about the dominance of the HSBC in this part of the world. In 1992, HSBC acquired the complete possession of the Midland Bank in UK, which gave HSBC a foremost grip in Europe. At that point, it was the major acquirement in banking record. The possession process of the HSBC Company in China is also very significant for the fact that the Company has acquired the Bank of Communications in January 2005 with 19.9% of its shares in the market. The acquisition of the bank was the part of the plan of the HSBC bank to cover a wide area of China as the acquired bank was among the top five leading commercial banks in China. Nonetheless, the plan did not turn around as expected in the favour of the HSBC bank at present. The Company is experiencing a mixed business from some of its subsidiaries with notching performance in other parts of world (HSBC.com, 2017). Use of Technology in CRMS in the acquisition process: Customer relationship management is an important characteristic of any business and this significantly establishes the importance of technology implementation in CRMS (Mountis 2012). Customer relationship management mainly depends on two important factors such as customer profitability and the services to the customers. Customer profitability further depends on the wider operation of the Company, which opens door to various offerings to the customers based on its marketing shares. Of all the services to the customers, keeping their data securely is of utmost responsibility for any banking sector (Zhu et al. 2016). The recent series of incidents in Japan regarding the data leakage of customers have left a bad impression on the HSBC acquisition in Japan. Technology implementation to monitor CRMS is extremely effective for a banking company as it show concerns for long-term bonding with clients, customer interactions with the entire necessary requisite related to their account (Zhu et a l. 2016). It enables customer to go online for all their queries, which also reveals the banking style of the concerned bank. Nonetheless, transparent management system is extremely helpful in forming a resonant identity (Zhu et al. 2016). However, technologies in the form of internet service do also present it as a home to some potential threat to the security of the data. There are possibilities when some unidentified object get its access with those accounts of customers, which have no transactions in it for a long past time. Those kinds of accounts are generally the inactive accounts. Moreover, with the help of hacking software, the unidentified object may establish the access and withdrew a substantial amount without any prior permission. Nevertheless, this clearly constructs a fact that technology reduces the workload and provides ample of solution to various problems. However, at the same time, it also invites some unwanted activities, which are not possible manually. Recommendation: Acquisition is such a process, which enhance the businesses of both the acquired company and the acquirer by exploring a broad view of the international market. However, there is no sure shot tips to achieve acquisition successfully but there are certain rules, which can produce a comparatively better result for the acquirer. HSBC are a successful acquirer, which they have proved from their past performances but certain technical glitch has hampered their reputation a bit especially in Japan. The first point of recommendation to HSBC is for improving the objective companys show by making quick investment in adopting technology that could produce a comparatively lesser flaws in its service. The second point of recommendation is getting technologies quicker at a lower cost to produce a secured service. For this, the Company can acquit such companies, which are innovative in their technology at a rate quicker than before. The last point of recommendation is identifying the potential company for the acquisition to enhance its universal appeal. HSBC have achieved a significant feet in the world of market today with its strategy to acquit other banks in different parts of world. However, there is certain gap, which has affected the performance of the Company in Japan. Inception of entrepreneurship skills can bring added innovative ideas in the Company, which are extremely helpful in navigating the business successfully in the market. Conclusion: HSBC is a global identity with its presence in almost all corner of the world. The Company has achieved a global recognition for its strategy to acquit other banks in different part of world. Nevertheless, the Company is effectively successful in Hong Kong, UK followed by Shanghai. However, series of incidents related to the data leakage of customers in Japan has affected the reputation of the Company to a significant level. Acquisition of its significant assets in Japan by the Swiss private bank represents the scenario of the Company. After realizing the fact that Japan is not a potential market for the Company, they are now focussing more on other part of Asian region. Ever since its inception, the Company has faced certain challenges and problems in their acquisition process. The working principle of the Company suits the gone ages back in the 19th century but a rapid growth in the working format of the market, the principles have no longer foothold in the market. The Company is s uffering significantly for its working principles by losing its significant business in few parts of World. There is an urgency to adopt some technologies to counteract the technical flaws in the Company to secure customer privacy. Inception of entrepreneurship skills to flourish innovative ideas in the Company is of utmost requirement. Nevertheless, innovative ideas open the door for a company to the technology adoption by showing its importance. References: Amadaev, A., 2015. INTERNATIONAL MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS MARKET: RECENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH.Contribution to International Economy,1(1), pp.38-43. Angwin, D., 2012. Merger and acquisition typologies: a review.The handbook of mergers and acquisitions, p.40. Angwin, D., 2014. Acquisition Strategy.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Bauer, F., King, D. and Matzler, K., 2016. Speed of acquisition integration: Separating the role of human and task integration.Scandinavian Journal of Management,32(3), pp.150-165. Chastagner, K., Lan, S. and Zhang, C., 2015, January. When do firms take their domestic MA ownership patterns overseas?. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 16502). Academy of Management. Grant, M., Frimanson, L. and Nilsson, F., 2015. Mergers and acquisitions as multitude of processes.The Routledge Companion to Mergers and Acquisitions, p.287. Grave, K., Vardiabasis, D. and Yavas, B., 2012. The global financial crisis and MA.International Journal of Business and Management,7(11), p.56. HSBC.com. (2017). About HSBC | HSBC Holdings plc. [online] Available at: https://www.hsbc.com/about-hsbc [Accessed 11 Jan. 2017]. Huang, Z. and Brass, D.J., 2016. Cross?Border Acquisitions and the Asymmetric Effect of Power Distance Value Difference on Long?Term Post?Acquisition Performance.Strategic Management Journal. Kumar, B.R., Gera, S. and Saha, S., 2016. Wealth Creation in the Largest Banking Mergers-An Empirical Analysis.Asian Economic and Financial Review,6(4), pp.206-217. Lian, Y. and Zhang, Y., 2012. Foreign institutional investors and Chinas financial service industry: the intra-industry effects of the foreign acquisition of Shenzhen Development Bank. Lu, Q., 2014. Is the speed of post-acquisition integration manageable? Case study: post-acquisition integration of HSBC with the Mercantile Bank, 195984.Business History,56(8), pp.1262-1280. Mishra, L., 2013. A Research Study on Employee Appraisal System Case of Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (Hsbc Bank).International Journal of Business and Management Invention,2(2), pp.60-7. Morkoetter, S. and Wetzer, T., 2015. Do Private Equity Funds Benefit from their Relationships with Financial Advisors in MA Transactions?.Available at SSRN. Mountis, G., 2012. Banks Domestic Cross-border MAs: Where Can They Go Wrong?.Cyprus Economic Policy Review,6(1), pp.39-67. Naheem, M.A., 2015. AML complianceA banking nightmare? The HSBC case study.International Journal of Disclosure and Governance,12(4), pp.300-310. O'Brien, J., 2015. HSBC: will the sword of Damocles fall?.Law and Financial Markets Review,9(1), pp.63-73. Parves, M., 2013. Customer perception about the trade service of HSBC. Pi, S., 2013. Transaction Cost Approach in Mergers and Acquisition Process.Communications in Information Science and Management Engineering,3(1), p.68. Playfoot, D. and Izura, C., 2013. Imageability, age of acquisition, and frequency factors in acronym comprehension.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,66(6), pp.1131-1145. Szpektor, I., Tanev, H., Dagan, I., Coppola, B. and Kouylekov, M., 2015. Unsupervised acquisition of entailment relations from the Web.Natural Language Engineering,21(01), pp.3-47. Vargas-Hernandez, J.G., Lpez-Morales, J.S. and Palafox-Alcantar, P.G., 2016. Analysis of an Acquisition in the Banking Sector: Banamex and Citigroup.International Journal of Business and Management,11(11), p.39. Zhu, H. and Zhu, Q., 2016. Mergers and acquisitions by Chinese firms: A review and comparison with other mergers and acquisitions research in the leading journals.Asia Pacific Journal of Management, pp.1-43. Zhu, X., Song, B., Ni, Y., Ren, Y. and Li, R., 2016. Software Defined AnythingFrom Software-Defined Hardware to Software Defined Anything. InBusiness Trends in the Digital Era(pp. 83-103). Springer Singapore.

Americans With Disabilities Act free essay sample

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has been the most inclusive and wide-ranging civil rights legislation adopted to rule out all forms of discrimination and exclusion committed towards differently-able or disabled individuals in both private and public entities. For many years, people with disabilities have experienced discrimination and exclusion because of their health conditions that were seen as deviant to what is being considered normal by the society. Disabilities hinder an individual to function normally, thereby making it difficult for people with disabilities to work together with those whom the society referred to as normal people. The person with disabilities usually suffers from limited opportunities and services in the society and is often not involved in the community development efforts and recreation activities. The social and historical perspectives of disability elaborated on how the society views the disability condition. For some, disability is seen as a fate or misfortune. Others view it as a medical condition that can be treated using modern technology and medical interventions. We will write a custom essay sample on Americans With Disabilities Act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Despite the efforts to elevate the social status of individuals with disabilities, there are still prevalent views that regard disability as a deviance, labeling the person with disability as â€Å"sick† or â€Å"abnormal†, thereby escalating the social stigma towards these people with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act was created to respond to the issues and problems and to establish a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability. The Americans with Disabilities Act Title I: Employment The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush on July 26, 1990, and went into effect on January 26, 1992. The ADA’s primary purpose is on extending legal rights as well as opportunities and protection to individuals with various kinds of disabilities in the areas of Employment (Title I), Public transportation and state and local government services (Title II), Public accommodations (Title III), Telecommunications (Title IV), and Miscellaneous (Title V).   Ã‚  Disability as defined in Section 3.2 of the Americans with Disabilities Act refers to a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of such individual; a record of such an impairment; or being regarded as having such an impairment. Title I of the Act specifies the concrete rights of person with disabilities with regards to employment, prohibiting discrimination in all processes of employment and employment-related activities. ADA, Public Law 101-336, Section 102 (a) read: No covered entity shall discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability because of the disability of such individual in regard to job application procedures, the hiring, advancement, or discharge of employees, employee compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. Bringing down â€Å"The Shameful Wall of Exclusion† Given the provisions of the Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act, persons with disabilities will no longer suffer exclusion in terms of job opportunities because they are given an equal footing with the â€Å"normal† employees under this law. They can fully contribute their skills and abilities in public and private institutions because employers are required to provide accommodations that will maximize the capabilities of the individual with disability. Under Title I, people with disabilities have all the rights to report employers who do not hire them on the basis of their disability and for the non-compliance of the Act. One weakness of the Title I provision is the fact that employers are free to chose or hire the most qualified applicant, though employers have to make hiring decisions based on reasons that are not related to the disability of the applicant. Another is that, the provisions of Title I of ADA do not also specify a uniform qualification standard for hiring that will reflect the skills of the person with disabilities in performing the actual functions of the job. Despite the ADA’s limitations, it cannot be denied that it has made tremendous contribution on the live of individuals with disabilities. Its provision on employment has enabled many disabled people to unleash their full potentials for the welfare of the state. Persons with disabilities also have their own unique way of doing things that society cannot appreciate. That is the reason why this law was enacted to serve as a citadel of equality to people with disabilities. Reference U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section. (2009). The Americans with Disabilities Act. Retrieved July 13, 2009, from http://www.ada.gov/

Tourism and language

Introduction Tourism is beneficial to any country’s economy. It brings people from different cultural backgrounds together. In addition, it connects people who speak different languages. Tourists visit sceneries for various reasons. In this regard, they find themselves in unfamiliar environs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Tourism and language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sometimes tourists face obstacles in their line of activities. These include language barrier, different cultures, remote areas, hostile natives, poor infrastructure, and meager facilities, among others. These are essential elements for successful tourism excursion. However, of great concern to tourist industry is language barrier. Language is very important as it ensures effective interaction and communication with the locals. Language is therefore very important in tourism as it acts as the gateway to local environment. In essence, effective tourism cannot be achieved without proper communication channels. Various countries have initiated language-training centers for minimizing language barrier. This paper will explore various articles on tourism and language. It will also seek to establish its significance in tourism (Jayaprabha and Saredha 267-282). Tourism and language Tourists visit different sites all over the world annually. Most people in Europe and America take time off visiting various sceneries throughout the world. Countries like Egypt, Kenya, Dubai, the United States, and Brazil, among others receive millions of tourists each year. Moreover, due to their varying origins, they speak different languages that require translation for better understanding. In most cases, tourists take time to learn the language of their hosts. This enables them to interact best with the hosts. In some instances, they use tourist guides as interpreters. However, this does not offer better cultural bonding than the former. Tourism language is therefore essential for all prospective tourists. Tourists who wish to visit the United States usually take English tests to allow for good interaction with the hosts. Moreover, those that go to countries in Asia and Africa also take the opportunity to learn local languages like Swahili, mandarin, and Arabic, among others (Cheng, Li, Petrick, and O’Leary 53-61). Scholarly article Remodeling a changing language of tourism: from monologue to dialogue and trialogue This article, by Graham, gives a description of the remodeling of tourism language. Graham gives an account of the top-down approach utilized in the earlier decades of tourism. During these periods, instructions were taken from above, that is from the industry without negotiation by the tourists or the toured.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, tourists would i ncur avoidable expenditure in this structure of management. Tourism industry was therefore framed in accordance with the social control that existed during these periods. The author goes on to state that tourism language was articulated in a monological discourse as well as in unilateral with little chance of diversion. However, this has since changed with the advent of technological advances. Digitalization of communication has proved significant in changing the modernist project witnessed in the nineties. This has allowed for a shift from top down approach to an interactive setup (Dann 59-70). Technological advances such as the advent of the internet, among others, has brought about these changes since customers are able to channel their complaints through the digitized forum for better handing of their grievances. Present evidences show complete transformation of tourism language due to the digitalized communication system. This has brought about egalitarianism as well as ethos o f dialogue, which was once none existent. Moreover, even trialogue can be done successfully in the current situation. In essence, the author gives an account of the changes that have occurred in tourism language over the past century. He therefore concludes that a better democratization has been achieved with the shifting paradigm of media in tourism language. The article is well researched with sources from credible journals among other references. Graham has written numerous publications on tourism and existing trends. He has a deep understanding of the industry and he has done well to relate its complexities with regard to social control. Tourism language has therefore undergone numerous changes over the past century (Dann 59-70). Web article Central America’s language tourism The article emphasizes on the importance of English to groups like Spanish, Italians, and French who attend English classes in Britain. In the process, they see great sceneries and they are referred to as language tourists. This is similar in other cities such as Antigua, Granada, and Leon, among others. These cities have beautiful sceneries that attract large groups of language tourists. For instance, the article gives a description of the happenings in London during summer, when language tourists flock London. During their visits, some of the tourists catch a glimpse of Big Ben and the queen, among others.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Tourism and language specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They also get an opportunity to interact with locals, which provide them with a combination of learning, culture, and fun. Those who go for Spanish language schools have several tantalizing locations to visit. These include old towns, Mayan lakes, volcanoes, and hammocks among other popular routes for tourists (Mulcair 1). The article also talks of the splendid locations for studying Spanish language at afford able prices. Moreover, it gives tourists an opportunity to interact with the locals in those areas. Hospitality in such areas is essential for it has increased the number of language tourists in those towns. The author goes on to describe possible tourist attraction centers that thrive in Central America. In addition, Mulcair provides listeners with tantalizing elaboration on language tourism in Central America (Lewis 1). The article is well researched by a BBC correspondent who has experience in writing tourism articles. Moreover, the article is balanced with exquisite description of events in intriguing manner. The article also gives fact on old colonial towns in Central America that drives tourism. In addition, it gives details on tourism routes that pass through Mexico. The article; therefore, emphasizes on the importance of language in tourism. It gives evidence of language tourism as a show of this fact (Mulcair 1). Opinions Translating your tourism website in other languages – is it worth it? This article talks about translation of tourism website into different languages to enable access from various people. This is important in tourism since its essence is to invite as many different people as possible. Wintle goes on to describe the various options utilized by website owners to access people from different cultures and languages. In this regard, the author gives a vivid description of the differences that exist between simple translation and multilingual websites. The author does this by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of all the methods provided. Firstly, Wintle explores a simple translate which is also known as Google translate. This method involves on the fly translation of website information by Google translate. Wintle gives its advantages as quick and easy to use. However, the article also mentions its disadvantage as inaccurate. Moreover, search engines cannot pick it. Its presence in other countries is also limited (Wintle 1 ).Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The next option that the author describes is known as the multilingual site. In this case, one or more pages of a website are translated into other languages. It has the advantage of allowing for indexing by search engines. This helps in attracting more traffic and hence tourists. This option incurs a high cost and may be complex to materialize given that each page may require translation. The third option, as Wintle says, is the dedicated websites for each target market. In this case, websites are translated in accordance with the required target language. Wintle believes that this is the best option although it has its associated costs that are quite high. Nonetheless, Wintle agrees that tourism websites require translation into various languages to attract more tourists. The paper is based on Wintle’s opinion, which is derived from research. This viewpoint is quite understandable given the level of explanation and depth involved. Language is therefore quite essential in to urism (Wintle 1). Popular information source English for tourism This article, by Hardwick, emphasizes on the importance of English as an international language. In fact, she states that the language is essential for anybody who deals with tourists from any part of the world. She therefore goes on to elaborate on a course that introduces various aspects of the language for tourism purposes. In this regard, the article tackles the main points in English. Likewise, it emphasizes on essential vocabulary to enhance service delivery in tourism industry. In addition, the article gives description of English for tourism on various areas. These include hotel English, airlines, ethical tourism, destinations, responsible tourism, and business travel, among others. It encourages both tourists and the industry to invest in English as it improves understanding. The website also contains articles written by other professionals like Richard Sidaway, among others. The article contains important inf ormation on hotel amenities that are common in various hotels around the world. In this respect, it tries to educate tourists and tourist guides to have such information at hand for better service delivery in the tourism industry (Hardwick 1). The British council website is a popular information source where various people who range from tourists to students research information that are related to travel requirements and English tests, among others. Information provided in this website must therefore be credible to ensure that only correct information relating to travel and tourism is taken. This source is therefore credible despite not having references as may be given in other scholarly articles. Moreover, information received in the article is meant for a wide range of people. This requires use of understandable language. In this regard, the article has used simple language for universal use and understanding. In addition, the article uses facts based on observations made throug hout the recent past. For instance, English language is well known to be utilized in almost every part of the world (Hardwick 1). Conclusion Tourism and language are inseparable. Language complements tourism and the converse is true. Tourism has developed over the years to allow for interactive liaison between the stakeholders involved. Moreover, it has abandoned the top-down approach previously observed. The articles are quite essential in giving an in-depth description of the relationship between tourism and language. Moreover, they attribute these changes to technological advances that have brought about globalization. In essence, understanding of various languages is essential for success in tourism industry (Hemingway 1). Works Cited Cheng, Chia-Kuen, Li, Xiang, Petrick, James, and O’Leary, Joseph. â€Å"An examination of Tourism Journal development.† Tourism management. 32.1 (2011): 53-61. Web. Dann, Graham. â€Å"Remodeling a changing language of tourism: from monologue to dialogue and trialogue.† Pasos. 10.4 (2012): 59-70. Web. Hardwick, Carolyn. English for tourism. 2012. Web. Hemingway, Alexandra. Using your language skills: Hospitality and tourism. 2012. Web. Jayaprabha, Palanisamy and Saredha, Arumugam. â€Å"Automatic conversion of web content into ontology-based resource description language for tourism domain.† International Journal of innovation and learning. 12.3 (2012): 267-282. Web. Lewis, Benny. Where are all the language tourists? 2012. Web. Mulcair, Amy. â€Å"Central America’s language tourism.† BBC. 28 February 201: 1. Travel. Web. Wintle, Fabienne. Translating your tourism website in other languages – is it worth it? 2012. Web. This research paper on Tourism and language was written and submitted by user Marisol Villarreal to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Rise of the Philippine Middle Class (Ilustrados) essays

The Rise of the Philippine Middle Class (Ilustrados) essays In the mid-18th century (1750s), there were 5 principal social classes in the Philippines. These were the Peninsulares, the Insulares, the clase media or middle class, the Chinese and the indio. The Peninsulares, which included the Spanish friars, were the Spaniards born in Spain, ( the Iberian peninsula) and were the wealthiest and most politically powerful among the social classes. The Insulares were the Spaniards born in the Philippines. The clase media consisted of three subclasses: the Spanish mestizos or mestizos de Espaol; the principalia; and the Chinese mestizos or mestizos de Sangley. The Chinese and the indio or natives made up the lower half of the social pyramid. The mestizos or half-breed, which initially referred only to those of Spanish-native descent, had an indio parent and a Spanish or Chinese parent. Usually, Spanish who married indios were in the lower strata of Spanish society. Mestizos, in general, constituted no more than 2% of the population but because of the even smaller population of creoles in the Philippines, they were able to take some control over commerce and industry and acquire (and dispense of) a disproportionate share of wealth. Chinese mestizos who had a higher position in society compared to the pure Chinese, separated from the Chinese community and set up their gremios or guilds. They also competed with the Chinese in the business sector. A gremio is a self-governing organization. Each gremio had a cabecilla. The cabecillas elect the gobernadorcillo de chino who acted as the mediator between the Spanish and the Chinese. Initially, the Chinese mestizos had several advantages over the Chinese. Spain perceived the Chinese as foreigners and forbade them from changing their residence, a restriction was only removed in 1839 when Chinese were given the right to choose their occupation and residence but which still required those who traveled between Manila and the provinces to obta...

High School Athletic Department Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

High School Athletic Department - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the HR portfolio speaks about performance appraisal, reward systems, motivation, and job design, leadership and decision style, and on how these can be applied into the Orange High School Athletics. This portfolio is in line with the purpose of describing the entirety of the sport organization and improvement of the human resources which are essential to the improvement of the organization. Introduction The mission of Orange County High School Athletics Department is to let students explore in an environment of positive, supportive, nurturing and safe where they have room to grow, excel and succeed in their endeavors in all aspects such as academics and sports. Students are expected to develop critical-thinking and civic-minded values, and contribute to the local community and to the global society. The members of the organization believe in the following: (1) the core business of the Orange Schools is to provide students a learning environment, and make their studies an d physical activities valuable, satisfying and challenging; (2) students will be able to reap something worth keeping if they are exposed, guided, and taught; (3) the environment that the students stay must be nurturing, safe, and conducive for learning (4) all students need adults’ supervision and care; (5) all individuals such as staff and employees shall adhere to commitment for excellence and teach students with values (6) cooperation and gathering among all members of the organization and the community help build stronger relationships with the students in their learning (â€Å"Orange County Schools,† n.d.). Meanwhile, following the hierarchical organizational structure, these are the ranks/positions within the organization: the principal, the athletic director, the interscholastic athletic director, and coaches. In order to carry out the goal well, the staffs and employees are in constant coordination. They connive to each other’s office to achieve desired results. For example, in Orange County School’s Interscholastic Athletic Program, the principal is responsible for the operation of the entire school in cooperation with the Athletic Director. The main function of the athletic director is to oversee all school athletic programs to ensure that all interscholastic athletic programs are conducted in accordance with the North Carolina State Board of Education, North Carolina High School Athletic Association (NCHSAA) requirements, policies established by the State Board of Education, the Orange County Board of Education, and the General Statutes of North Carolina (â€Å"Mission Statement,† n.d.). All program leaders must construe to the duties and responsibilities set forth by the organization’s Constitution and by-laws. Staffing 1.1 Staffing Needs Assessment First and foremost, before jumping into the more critical points in the organization like doing the job analysis, job description, job specification, hiring an d so on, the Human Resource personnel should consider the assessment of the current staffing situation of the organizatio

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Macroeconomics - Essay Example hen the economy falls into recession or deflation, Fed normally cuts the interest rates and takes suitable policies to maintain the low interest rates. The intention is to give incentive to people and businesses to borrow and spend more and thus to sustain the economy. But when the economy shows the signs of inflation and fast economic growth, Fed will raise the interest rates and keep high interest rates. This will cause the borrowing become costlier and lead to slow spending and economic growth. Here the situation needs special attention of policy makers as the economy shows the signs of deflation in some districts and inflationary trends in other districts. The states of New York and San Francisco districts shows the trends of price deflation while all other districts believe that inflation may be at hand. The groups of policy makers as well as media who fear the future outbreak of inflation believe that the Fed’s decision to keep interest rates near zero and pump the economy with credits will lead to the spread of inflation in the near future. But among the policy makers of Fed, a substantial wing believes that the already low rate of inflation will again be slow due to the unsolved real estate problems in majority of the districts. It can be pointed out that dwindling rate of inflation is an evidence of the excess capacity and need to sustain the economy with lower interest rates. The inflation is always danger, but deflation is more danger. Hence, Fed’s decision whether to keep the lower interest rate so as to widen the spending or to increase the interest rate in order to tighten the economy, is a crucial question at this stage. Though there are some trends of inflation Fed will decide to keep the lower interest and loosen the monetary policy. Hence in this present situation it is better to keep the lower interest rate and raise the short-term interest rate whenever the situation arises. At present inflation cannot be seen as an immediate

Who Supported McCarthy's Anti-Communist Crusade Why Did They Support Essay

Who Supported McCarthy's Anti-Communist Crusade Why Did They Support It - Essay Example The more level heads in the widespread paranoia were themselves virtually immobilized. For the most part even liberals and dissenters were reluctant to seem to depart from the overriding anti-communist consensus of the period. McCarthy was not the one and only anti-communist champion, although he may very well have relished that illusion. The Senator's clout intensified with ease in the all-encompassing atmosphere of the Cold War and appeared to commandeer even the White House as his crusade attracted scores of opportunist politicians and uncritical conformists. Aside from the Republican position on the political expediency of an anti-communist platform that was ripe to discredit liberal Democratic policies and programs, any bold antagonist of McCarthy generally risked being inevitably targeted as a Communist supporter, and few wanted the unpleasant backlash. McCarthy's vitriolic accusations of communist subterfuge in government circles surfaced in a series of local campaign talks delivered in Wheeling, West Virginia, not too long after the House Un-American Activities Committee wrapped up an investigation of Alger Hiss, charged, largely through the backing of Representative Richard M. Nixon, as a Soviet agent on the basis of his alleged pro-Communist sympathies and activities many years previous. In fact McCarthy's rhetoric reiterated a conviction rampant in Cold War anti-communist politics and journalism that the enemy was within, slyly maneuvering and determining American policy. The difference here was that McCarthy in his authority as a US senator feigned to be very near to naming individuals, impudently insinuating that he was in the possession of damning evidence. Ultimately his specified numbers of communist infiltrators as two hundred five, and later fifty-seven, really had no factual proof to back them, but McCarthy's recurring mystifications and ambiguities built further hype through the rapt attention of the media in the course of his tour through other states and succeeded splendidly in generating a national uproar. Senior Republican politicians, while rescinding publicly from McCarthy's tactics, were inclined to welcome his targeted censures as a promising opportunity to seize the advantage for the Republican Party in the presidential race of 1952 following years of Democratic power. Heady with the response from his new-found national constituency, McCarthy publicly telegraphed President Truman to demand that he release the Administrations' Security files to Congress. McCarthy soon unearthed a long-extant record of suspect State Department employees dubbed the Lee List, actually compiled earlier by an former Red hunter know as Robert E. Lee. Incredibly, McCarthy, aware that attentive senators could easily see through his deception, coolly claimed he had raided State Department confidential files to expose the purportedly brand new intelligence. McCarthy banked heavily on power-hungry Republican political expedience to rule the day, and it did. The Senate Majority Leader acquiesced to Republican Kenneth Wherry's motion for an all-out inquiry into McCarthy's salient indictments and actually granted the investigating committee power to subpoena the Truman Administration's security files, with the exception of those against specific persons, which, by that fact, restricted any prospect of uncovering the fabrications in McCarthy's claims. Republicans Henry Cabot Lodge and Bourke B. Hickenlooper were members appointed to the committee who were politically sympathetic to McCarthy, and their strong party support abetted the Senator's confident self-importance over Democrats and others who sought to restrain his reckless

Compliance in International Relations

Compliance in International Relations Abstract This paper seeks to address whether state cooperation via formal international institutions may best be understood as a spectrum of compliance rather than binary states. Prevailing perspectives on state compliance to its international obligations generally presupposes binary state of compliance in which states adhere to its commitments and non-compliance in which states do not adhere to its commitments. This construction proves problematic as it disregards state intention; states may act in good faith to comply with its international commitments, yet fail to meet these commitments do to exogenous variables. While largely ignored by realists, liberal institutionalist and constructivist literature has sought to address this issue and provides a limited descriptive framework to understand non-binary states of compliance. While these frameworks are useful for understanding complexities inherent in defining non-compliance, these do not fulfill the stated objective of this paper: refram ing compliance as a spectrum rather than binary states. Intro, Research Question Chayes, Chayes and Mitchell (1998) illustrate the limitations of a binary compliance definition through a good-faith description of the environment treaty non-complier state. Environmental treaties attempt to impose regulatory requirements, not only on states, but on subsidiary private sector actors. Exogenous factors to environmental treaties may limit a state’s ability to enforce these regulatory requirements on private sector actors, resulting in a state of non-compliance. The binary definition of compliance disregards the good-faith in which a state enters an international agreement and further ignores the exogenous factors that limit state compliance. A binary definition of state compliance provides no relevant information by which one can determine whether non-compliance is a deliberate violation of state commitment or due to exogenous factors to the agreement. In order to provide a more descriptive framework to determine the nature of non-compliance, this paper posits t hat it is necessary to redefine compliance as a spectrum such that the level of compliance (C) can be defined: C∈[0,1], where 0 is perfectly non-compliant, and 1 is perfectly compliant. This definition of compliance may provide greater insight into the nature of a state’s non-compliance by providing information on the extent of non-compliance to treaty obligations. While disregarded by realists, the nature of compliance has been explored in liberal institutionalist, and constructivist literature. This literature has provided some insight into the complexity inherent in defining compliance; yet, it falls short of providing a definition of compliance which allows for further understanding of the nature of state non-compliance. In fact, constructivist literature fails entirely in this endeavor as it proposes that compliance is a social construction impervious to a general analysis. While a compliance spectrum does not fully illuminate exogenous factors to international commitments, within this definitional framework they exist as lurking variables upon which further scrutiny can be given. Furthermore, while not a conclusive determinant of state intention, a spectrum of compliance allows for consideration of good-faith through a quantitative estimate of how compliant states are with their international commitments. This is preferable to the existin g compliance binary which fully disregards good-faith in state action. Furthermore, this research aims to provide increased context and understanding of inter-state cooperation via international institutions. The creation of a compliance spectrum allows for observation of trends both in terms of a state’s tendency towards compliance or non-compliance and in terms of a state’s historical capacity to fulfill its international obligations. This contextual understanding of a state’s compliance may inform how commitments are enforced by institutions on a state-by-state level as well as inform the formulations of new inter-state agreements to take into account trends of compliance. Literature Review For realists, state power is the primary factor that governs interstate relations. Consequently realists find contention in the notion that formal international institutions play substantial role in determining state behavior (Boyle, 1980). Consequently, states are assumed to successfully comply only under conditions of shared interests or hegemonic coercion, and only in so far as compliance is congruent to a state’s foreign policy interests (Morgenthau, 1985). Under this formulation, a state’s international commitments and the formal institutions present to enforce them are indeterminate of state decisions to comply with their commitments (Aron, 1981). The primary grievance realists pose to compliance and enforcement literature is the lack of coercive power of formal international institutions to ensure state compliance. Furthermore since states possess jurisdiction to interpret provisions of international agreements, realists contend that states have no incentive to c omply with burdensome past commitments (Morgenthau, 1985). Realist formulations of international cooperation predominantly focus on state power and interest and generally disregard ideas concerning compliance. Since it is the aim of this paper to propose a redefinition of state compliance, it can be said that realists are pursuing an altogether different project and are consequently of no interest to our current undertaking. Liberal institutionalists formulate international agreements as a means by which states are able address common issues which cannot be addressed through unilateral action (Bilder, 1989). Within this formulation, compliance is largely due to state reputational costs. States expect higher costs in the long term if they are non-compliant with their short term commitments. Consequently, formal international institutions can be understood to amplify the reputational consequences of non-compliance by increasing transparency of state behavior (Keohane, 1984). Greater transparency and the potential for reciprocity in international agreements serve to increase compliance through iterative engagement amongst the same state actors. These conditions stabilize a state’s expectations concerning member state behavior and increase confidence that these states will comply with their international commitments. This in turn incentivizes a state to also comply with its international commitments ( Garrett Weingastt, 1993). Liberal institutionalist literature generally privileges the state as the sole agent of compliance. However the Downs and Rocke (1995) study of General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) rules illustrates how exogenous factors to the agreement, including domestic politics and interest group demands, play a major role in determining the degree of compliance one could expect from GATT signatories. Downs and Rocke illustrated that negotiating states agreed upon weak enforcement mechanisms due to uncertainty of future interest group demands. These uncertainties lead to the adoption short term obligations and less strict enforcement mechanisms thus reducing the cooperation demands for GATT states. In order to achieve compliance, states must address exogenous domestic factors to the agreement. This illustrates the primary failing of Liberal institutionalist literature which generally overemphasizes the roles of formal institutions and states over domestic factors. Further literature examines domestic administrative and technical incapacities as a source for non-compliance. Jacobson Brown Weiss (1995, 1997) illustrated that the determinant variable for successful compliance with environmental accords was administrative capacity. Domestic factors such as a skilled labor force, financial resources, and domestic legal authorization were crucial in order for a state successfully comply with environmental accords. In order to address these administrative incapacities, independent agencies may facilitate compliance by providing necessary resources to reach regulatory standards. Within this formulation state cooperation via international institutions serve not only promote compliance and enumerate state commitments, they also serve to enable states with administrative and technical incapacities to meet compliance standards (Hans et al, 1993). While Liberal institutionalist literature considers the intentions of states engaging in international agreements as well as the exogenous factors that determine a state’s compliance success, Liberal institutionalist literature still adopts a binary definition of compliance that disregards these factors. The complexities Liberal Institutionalists perceive within state compliance do not inform and are not represented in their formulation of compliance. This paper seeks to move beyond the work of liberal institutionalists and redefine compliance such that these complexities are integrated into our understanding of state compliance. Constructivist regime theorists formulate an understanding of state compliance in terms of international rules, norms and agreements. Rather than focusing on conditions of non-compliance constructivists posited that analysis should endeavor to understand how state behavior is interpreted by other states as well as how these behaviors are intended by the state actor. For Constructivists , the most relevant inquiry into state compliance was how states rationalized their actions and whether other states were receptive to its rationale (Kratochwil Ruggie, 1986). By this formulation, seemingly conflicting actions of state actors could be derived from similar principles and norms. Compliance is therefore not an objective fact; rather it is a subjective social construction. The implications of this theory are that 1) normative concepts such as fairness determine a state’s compliance decisions and 2) formal international institutions can be undermined- states become non-compliant- if they lose legitimacy with member states (Kratochwil Ruggie, 1986). The relationship between legitimacy and compliance has been explored multiple constructivist authors. Legro (1997) posited that understanding the attributes of a rule its specificity and durability- is the most effective way to determine the causal effect norms have on compliance outcomes. This theory argues that the clearer, more durable and endorsed a rule or norm is, the greater effect it will have in promoting state compliance. Other constructivists like Fisher (1981) argue that rules will promote compliance when they adhere to shared values and morals. Under this formulation the more widely held the rule the more compliant state actors will be to the rule. Keck Sikkink (1998) attempting to advance compliance in the human rights theatre assert that prohibitions that will successfully engender interstate compliance are those prohibitions that embody cross-cultural norms such as protection of innocent groups nd ensuring bodily integrity. For constructivists formal international institutions play a significant role in legitimating particular rules and fostering a sense of obligation amongst states. Tacsan (1992) exemplifies this through his discussion of the International Court of Justice, which he argues is a location where norms and normative values converge through the ICJ’s multilateral bargaining process. The convergence of norms at the ICJ has resulted in the development of norms concerning self-determination, non-intervention, and collective self-defense were the primary normative expectation that informed Central America’s peace settlements. Constructivist literature utilizes a normative approach in its study of compliance. Constructivists assert that norms of appropriateness, ideas, and values are the determinant factor to state compliance. Furthermore, constructivists assert that international commitments, and consequently compliance, are social construction that can only be understood through an intersubjective framework, and are imperious to a general analysis. By contextualizing compliance in a case-by-case basis, you are effectively left with no standard definition of compliance by which one can determine what constitutes non-compliance. The lack of a satisfactory definition of compliance in constructivist and liberal institutionalist literature that considers both intentions and trends is in need of formulation.

gender Essay -- essays research papers

Gender Roles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many years society has embraced the idea that the difference between men and women were biologically determined. Thou through traditions, media, and peers we act accordingly to how others view us. Each individual has pressure placed upon them based on their gender. Our sex is determined by genetics while our gender is programmed by social customs. Some theories interpret that a women is tender and a loving mother while on the other hand men are aggressive hunters and are the dominant one of the family. People who support this theory seems to believe that men and women are happier when fulfilling the roles nature determined for them. Women are to be nurturing and men are to be providers by nature. An individual gender role is molded through socialization. Individuals learn the ways, traditions, norms, and rules of getting along with others. A person environment has a big influence on the roles deemed accurately for men and women. Parents, media, teachers, and peers are important socializing agents for teaching the young their gender roles. Children are viewed through â€Å"Gender-Colored† glasses by their parents that focus on gender differences that do not exist. Meaning that a glass is clear and depending upon what you want to see through it is what you will see through it. Most children are raised with the belief that girls are pretty in pink and boys are rough and tough in blue. As infants grow older, their parents’ notions about gender stereotypes continue to influence how parents treat their children. Mothers and fathers tend to look at their baby girls as more fragile than their boys. There area several reasons for the differential treatment, but one can only assume that parents want their boys to be tough, and their daughters are to be neat and very lady like, in their behavior. Parents treating their infants differently are displaying socialization. Socialization is the process by which all people learn what is expected of them through their interactions with others. The household chores that are assigned by our parents are one way to shape a child’s gender role for the future. In many households, boys do the taking out trash, mowing the grass, shoveling the snow, and what the parents feel like are manly duties. While girls, clean the house by doing the dishes, cooking, babysitting the younger siblings, an... ...s a child can develop how he/she follows rules and regulations or how they unify with society. When a person learns how he/she should behave in society and accepts it, then they can be rewarded by positive approval, acceptance, and admiration. When one has a particular role he/she have certain privileges and obligations associated with that particular role.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The roles of men and women and the social rules that dictate appropriate behavior for each are not shaped by biology itself. Determining that biology only plays apart so much and also your environment. Productive work is shared by men and women now, but for women it is primarily defined in terms of their maternal and family role. For women who participate in productive activities beyond the housekeeping has tended to bring women a greater measure of equality, but the load gets heavier from them to carry job, household, and children. Lately the outlook has changed on women dedicated their lives to homemaking. Jobs were initially generated for men because they were strong. But now the barrier is being broken and socially accepted for who they are and not for the role they are to play in society.

Fast Food Essay

Many people nowadays depend on fast food restaurants in their daily life. Most of them particularly young people prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries and pizza. There are many this restaurants are popular. The main ones are that the fast food is easy to get, cheaper, tastes delicious, and it is always ready. The main reason why fast food is so popular is because it is easy to get. Many people work long hours, so they do not have time to prepare their own food. It is easier and more convenient to stop and get something fast to eat, like a hamburger or a pizza. Also, in this times many women work and because of that they have less time to prepare family meals. It is easier for them to just order some fast food. Another reason for the popularity of fast food is that it tastes delicious. Fast food gives the children the kind of food they really love, such as nuggets, pizza, donuts, fries and hot dogs. Everyone loves fast food not only because it is always ready also because it tastes delicious. Nowadays fast food is also very popular because of advertisement. All forms of media advertise about fast food, such as the internet, television and billboards in the street. By these advertisements they know where every restaurant of fast food is located. The final reason why people also love fast food is because there are so many of them, next to their work place, their homes or on the side of the road. That is an important point to many people, because they do not want to waste time searching for a restaurant to eat, they want something near, fast and cheap. People eat fast food for many reasons, both bad and good. Most of the people consume it because it is easy to get, it is delicious and because they are everywhere. Everyone in some point of their life has eaten these food, because of the lack of time, or because you do not feel like cooking. Eating this type of food is not bad as long as you do not overdo it. If you combine it with a nutritious food everything is fine.

Embrasser (to Embrace) French Verb Conjugations

Embrasser (to Embrace) French Verb Conjugations The French verb  embrasser  means to embrace or to kiss. Its resemblance to English makes it an easy one to remember and its an essential part of your French love vocabulary. When you want to say embraced or kissing, a verb conjugation is required. A quick French lesson will show you how thats done. Conjugating the French Verb  Embrasser Embrasser  is a  regular -ER verb  and it follows a very common verb conjugation pattern. The infinitive endings are just like those for similar verbs such as  admirer  (to admire),  adorer  (to adore), and countless others. This makes learning each new verb just a little easier than the last. When conjugating, we must first recognize the verb stem. In the case of  embrasser, that is  embrass-. To this, the various endings are added to match the present, future, or imperfect past tense. Yet, in French, we must also take into account the subject pronoun. For instance, I embrace is jembrasse and we will kiss is nous emrasserons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j' embrasse embrasserai embrassais tu embrasses embrasseras embrassais il embrasse embrassera embrassait nous embrassons embrasserons embrassions vous embrassez embrasserez embrassiez ils embrassent embrasseront embrassaient The Present Participle of Embrasser The  present participle  of  embrasser  is formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem to give us  embrassant.  This is rather useful as it is not only a verb, but can act as an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © A  common way to express the past tense in French is the  passà © composà ©. To construct it, you must conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to fit the subject pronoun, then attach the  past participle  embrassà ©. For example, I embraced is jai embrassà © and we kissed is nous avons embrassà ©. Notice how the past participle remains the same and that  ai  and  avons  are conjugates of  avoir. More Simple Embrasser  Conjugations Among the simplest conjugations of  embrasser, French students should focus on the present, future, and past tenses at first. When youre ready, add these verb forms to your vocabulary as well. When the verbs action has some degree of uncertainty or dependency, use either the subjunctive or the conditional verb mood. In writing, the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive may be used. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j' embrasse embrasserais embrassai embrassasse tu embrasses embrasserais embrassas embrassasses il embrasse embrasserait embrassa embrassà ¢t nous embrassions embrasserions embrassà ¢mes embrassassions vous embrassiez embrasseriez embrassà ¢tes embrassassiez ils embrassent embrasseraient embrassà ¨rent embrassassent ​To express  embrasser  in a direct command or request, the imperative verb form is used. In this case, the subject pronoun is not required. Keep it short and sweet with embrasse rather than tu embrasse. Imperative (tu) embrasse (nous) embrassons (vous) embrassez

a comparrison of a childrens b essays

a comparrison of a childrens b essays I give this book a six out of ten because even though it leaves important parts of what happened out. It tells enough information for children to get the general idea of what happened with Columbus and his trip to what he thought to be India. The book generally starts out telling his life story. It tells when and where he was born and how when he was little he dreamed of becoming a sailor. And on to his first trip as a captain of his own ship. In the book Christopher Columbus it says Christopher Columbus and his men rowed ashore. He planted his flag in the sand and claimed the island for Spain. He named the island San Salvador. Christopher Columbus gave the natives of the island red capes and glass bead necklaces. (David A. Alder. 8) which I found not to be true because in a letter to lord Rachael Sanchez the treasurer of spains king and queen he states. Seeing, however, no town or populous places on the sea coast but only a few detached houses and cottages, with which its inhabitants I was not able to communicate because they fled as soon as they saw us. (R.H. Major, select letters of Christopher Columbus) The Christopher Columbus book does not tell much about the taino Indians or about making them pay a hut tax of gold to the Spanish all it say about that is he left some sailors in the new world to search for gold. (David A. Adler, 22) then the next time the Columbus book mentions gold is when it talks about his last two trips to the new world. But all it says about that is Columbus sailed to America again in 1498 and 1502. The men who traveled with him had great hopes for gold and other riches. But they found very little gold, and Columbus was no longer a hero. (David A. Adler. 26) In one of Columbuss letters gold is mentioned several times in one of his letters to the king and queen of Spain he tells them that for the better and more speedy colonization of the island no one shall collect gold in it except those who have...

Alternative Suggestion Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative Suggestion - Article Example The chapter is quite comprehensive but as an alternative, some sort of activity should be designed which would send a clear message to the children that these are the words or phrases that have to be used while indulging in a conversation. A list of such words should be made and time should be given to children to understand the meaning of using these words, a whole session or more should also be dedicated to teaching to children the usage and importance of using the appropriate words in such kinds of communication. After these activities have been carried out there should be an assignment designed not to check how much the children have really understood but it should be really more of a help to the children in cementing the ideas that they have already grasped in the session during which these concepts or rather ideas were given to them. After all this activity has taken place a final assignment should be given to the children, it is imperative that the objectives of this assignmen t are clear so that the children would know what exactly is expected of them. The idea of this alternative is to give children a solid understanding of how communication needs to take place while it involves time because it is one of the most basic requirements that one needs. As mentioned before the chapter covers all the aspects of conversing in relation to time but it lacks that basic requirement of making everyone understand, it is definitely practical, reliable only to the extent that the most intelligent children will grasp it.

A Policy Evaluation Study of the Indian Economic Reforms and their Essay

A Policy Evaluation Study of the Indian Economic Reforms and their affects on the Indian Economy over the last two decades and the outlook for the future and wh - Essay Example The examination of key events and reforms juxtaposed alongside performance data provides a framework for evaluating how successful the reform policies have been in aiding India to emerge and become a global economic superpower, attracting huge amounts of FDI to capitalise on the large pool of low cost talented labour which has and will help organisations remain competitive in the global marketplace. The findings indicate that although the reforms have greatly benefited the economy there is a need for further reform in the agricultural and other sectors, which are explored in this study to ensure the current rate of economic growth is sustainable and the GDP per capita increase. The Indian Economic reforms refer generically to the changes introduced in July 1991 in all major sets of policies in the face of a looming Balance of Payments (BOP) crisis and substantial macroeconomic instability. These changes mark a significant paradigm shift in the Indian development strategy. The Indian economy had adopted the path of centrally planned development since its independence in 1947. The socialist framework of the erstwhile USSR was a major motivation and the basic growth model that was adopted was in essence a variant of the Feldman model that was followed in the USSR (Nayyar, 1997). The Indian economy at that time was predominantly agrarian with an almost non-existent industrial base. The objective of the planned development strategy was to attain rapid industrialisation and in pursuit priority was accorded to developing the capital goods sector. Large public sector investments went in to the development of the heavy industries like iron and steel and capital goo ds machinery and the private sector was restricted from entering this sector. Heavy regulatory controls were administered to restrict the private sector and the market

The Global Warming Crisis Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Global Warming Crisis - Thesis Example Trees absorb CO2 and when they die, CO2 is restored to the atmosphere.   The clearing of forests by mass burning, which is happening at a phenomenal rate in the tropical rain forests, is decreasing the amount of CO2 that is absorbed and increasing the amount that is added to the atmosphere.   CO2 supplies about half of the total gases that create the greenhouse effect (Breuer, 1980).   Although deforestation is contributing heavily to the excess of CO2 in the atmosphere, a larger portion is caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as oil and coal.   Fossil fuels are burned by factories, vehicles and electricity-producing power plants to name a few sources.   Other greenhouse gases include methane, which is released when vegetation is burned during land clearing, during oil exploration activities and the coal-mining process; chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which is the substance that cools refrigerators and provides the propulsion in aerosol cans and nitrous oxide (N2O) which is the lesser cause of CO2.   It is generated from both man-made and natural processes.   It is estimated that man-made influences represent about half of the CO2 output. As the balance between the CO2 levels in the ocean and atmosphere is disturbed by interjecting increasing amounts of CO2, the oceans will continually absorb higher concentrations than it does naturally.   The subsequent warming ocean waters are less effective in their ability to absorb CO2.   When the oceans can no longer keep pace with the intrusion of this naturally equalized cycle then more CO2 will remain in the atmosphere.  

The Bad Effects of the Internet Development Essay Example for Free

The Bad Effects of the Internet Development Essay An American writer, Rick Warren said, â€Å"I just think the Internet has made us ruder.† What do you think of his words? Modern society is the information-oriented society. Everything changes quickly with numerous information, and people do their ordinary things such as doing homework, chatting with friends, making documents in the workplace, or even making food deliveries with their computers. All these things could be possible because of the advent of the internet. Then, when did the internet start to be used in South Korea? In 1982, the internet was introduced first when System Development Network (SDN) between Seoul National University and the laboratory of electronic communication was connected. After that, the e-mail service which was connected to the United States and Europe was provided, and in 1990 the time of the internet had begun (Ahn and Kim 91). Since then, the internet has developed dramatically. According to Korea Internet and Security Agency, the number of people over three-year-old using the internet has increased about 30 million people from 1999 to 2011 (KISA ISIS). Nowadays, whoever, wherever people are, and whichever the equipment one person has such as personal computers, laptop computers, tablet pc or smartphones, the internet is accessible and available to everybody. The internet made people utilizing hundreds of information freely, enable to interact worldwide, and made people’s lives more convenient. However, there are several negative effects caused by the development of the internet as much as the positive effects. There are three bad effects as a result of the development of the internet in South Korea: the internet addiction, people’s moral paralysis and communication breakdown. First of all, as a result of the development of the Internet, there are problems of internet addiction. Internet addiction is defined as the state of being unable to live daily life because of people’s excessive internet use or being unable to control themselves from using the internet. People are addicted to the internet game, chatting, searching the information, or pornography, so they cannot live ordinary lives as students, sons or daughters, and as workers. According to the research of Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, the rate of internet addiction has increased continuously, and 52% of 1,035,000 internet addicts are children and teenagers. The rate of addiction is 14.3% and the number of their rates are  two times more than adults. In addition, the socially vulnerable class such as children of one-parent families and children who are handicapped are even worse, higher as five to eight percent than those who are in ordinary families (Wu). It is one of the biggest effects the internet has caused because it is not just only an individual problem but also it causes the social costs. In 2010, the total social costs was estimated about 2.2 trillion won maximum including the costs of facilities providing pc service, the costs of cure and counseling for addicts and indirect costs which was caused by losing the opportunities of learning (Wu). The internet addiction is a serious problem because it affects teenagers much more. They are not adults yet and very easy to be influenced by provocative things. So, the internet which is full of exciting and sensational things could lead people to be addicted and made teenagers grow as adults not properly. Second, as a result of the development of the Internet, there has been people’s moral paralysis. Under the concept of the anonymity, people gradually do immoral behaviors such as writing aggressive, malicious and hateful comments to other people’s posts, sharing things or data illegally that has the right of ownership and distributing other people’s false information. There were many celebrities of South Korea who committed suicide because of the bad comments for about last few years. In this year, Korean singer, Son Ho Young who was used to be a member of the most famous group, â€Å"GOD,† attempted suicide in May (Jo). It was because he was blamed of his previous girlfriend’s suicide. Until he attempted it, so many people on the internet made him a shameless person and wrote comments aggressively on the articles about him. Also, a new word, â€Å"Il Be,† which is actually the abbreviated form of the community site emerged as a way of expres sing specific people who made malicious and dreadful comments to particular people such as some women and those who are from Jeolla Province. They are even called, â€Å"Il Be roundworm,† because of their shocking behaviors. Until recently, they are making noises on the society of South Korea. Besides, we can see many cases that data and information with property rights are illegally shared and distributed to a lot of people. There are hundreds of P2P sites providing free files of music, movies, publication with the rights of ownership. It could not be solved only by cracking down. According to the  Ministry of Culture and Tourism, even they imposed fine those P2P sites, but it was temporary and returned to former state (Jung). It is because people regard illegal if we steal some goods for sale in a real-world, but in the virtual reality they do not regard downloading and uploading data with property rights as illegal. The development of the internet has caused the invasion of privacy as well by distributing personal information and false data. We can search huge amounts of information via the internet, and even we can easily find what we wrote on the internet few years ago just by typing ID in the sea rch engine. However, using these advantages of the internet, there are problems of personal information leakage. Many people are having trouble in leaking their private information that lots of spam mails and text messages are sent to them with the illegally opened information such as individuals’ e-mail addresses and phone numbers. A lot of celebrities in Korea are suffered by the false information. These are because people’s morality was paralyzed as a result of rapid development of the internet. They are being confused, getting numb of great deal of information and takes for granted that blaming others on the internet and getting information for free without hesitation. Lastly, as a result of the development of the Internet, there has been the breakdown of communication. As the internet has developed rapidly in Korea, a generational gap was made between older people and young people. While the young are getting used to using the internet easily, older people are not. The internet made generational difference and be unable to talk each other. So the communication between older people and young people has decreased. Also, in the family, or even among friends there is not enough communication. Sons and daughters are not trying to talk with their parents and other family members when they are at home, chatting with friends with their computers or smartphones. Many people use Social Network Service (SNS) such as Facebook or Twitter and have a short talk and comments at open posts but do not have earnest conversations among friends and families. Even they are with friends beside, they chat with their smartphones using the mobile internet service, KakaoTal k. It would the biggest negative effect that the internet has made because even though the internet made the society not only more efficient and convenient but hard-hearted and less conversation. In conclusion, as the internet has developed so much in Korea, many people are addicted to the internet, people’s morality is getting cracked, and lots of people are having broken down on real-world communication. The addiction problem affected individuals and the Korea’s society both. Numerous people on the internet are paralyzed of their morality making bad comments, sharing other people’s information illegally and distributing others’ private or wrong information. Also, there is breakdown of communication in generational and real world. Although we are living conveniently in a well-developed society with hundreds of information and having benefits thanks to the internet, there are always two sides to the coin. There are also some negative effects because of the development of the internet. Therefore, we should make the best use of the positive sides of the Internet and try to solve and reduce the negative effects of the Internet.