The Global Warming Crisis Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Global Warming Crisis - Thesis Example Trees absorb CO2 and when they die, CO2 is restored to the atmosphere.   The clearing of forests by mass burning, which is happening at a phenomenal rate in the tropical rain forests, is decreasing the amount of CO2 that is absorbed and increasing the amount that is added to the atmosphere.   CO2 supplies about half of the total gases that create the greenhouse effect (Breuer, 1980).   Although deforestation is contributing heavily to the excess of CO2 in the atmosphere, a larger portion is caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as oil and coal.   Fossil fuels are burned by factories, vehicles and electricity-producing power plants to name a few sources.   Other greenhouse gases include methane, which is released when vegetation is burned during land clearing, during oil exploration activities and the coal-mining process; chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which is the substance that cools refrigerators and provides the propulsion in aerosol cans and nitrous oxide (N2O) which is the lesser cause of CO2.   It is generated from both man-made and natural processes.   It is estimated that man-made influences represent about half of the CO2 output. As the balance between the CO2 levels in the ocean and atmosphere is disturbed by interjecting increasing amounts of CO2, the oceans will continually absorb higher concentrations than it does naturally.   The subsequent warming ocean waters are less effective in their ability to absorb CO2.   When the oceans can no longer keep pace with the intrusion of this naturally equalized cycle then more CO2 will remain in the atmosphere.  

The Bad Effects of the Internet Development Essay Example for Free

The Bad Effects of the Internet Development Essay An American writer, Rick Warren said, â€Å"I just think the Internet has made us ruder.† What do you think of his words? Modern society is the information-oriented society. Everything changes quickly with numerous information, and people do their ordinary things such as doing homework, chatting with friends, making documents in the workplace, or even making food deliveries with their computers. All these things could be possible because of the advent of the internet. Then, when did the internet start to be used in South Korea? In 1982, the internet was introduced first when System Development Network (SDN) between Seoul National University and the laboratory of electronic communication was connected. After that, the e-mail service which was connected to the United States and Europe was provided, and in 1990 the time of the internet had begun (Ahn and Kim 91). Since then, the internet has developed dramatically. According to Korea Internet and Security Agency, the number of people over three-year-old using the internet has increased about 30 million people from 1999 to 2011 (KISA ISIS). Nowadays, whoever, wherever people are, and whichever the equipment one person has such as personal computers, laptop computers, tablet pc or smartphones, the internet is accessible and available to everybody. The internet made people utilizing hundreds of information freely, enable to interact worldwide, and made people’s lives more convenient. However, there are several negative effects caused by the development of the internet as much as the positive effects. There are three bad effects as a result of the development of the internet in South Korea: the internet addiction, people’s moral paralysis and communication breakdown. First of all, as a result of the development of the Internet, there are problems of internet addiction. Internet addiction is defined as the state of being unable to live daily life because of people’s excessive internet use or being unable to control themselves from using the internet. People are addicted to the internet game, chatting, searching the information, or pornography, so they cannot live ordinary lives as students, sons or daughters, and as workers. According to the research of Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, the rate of internet addiction has increased continuously, and 52% of 1,035,000 internet addicts are children and teenagers. The rate of addiction is 14.3% and the number of their rates are  two times more than adults. In addition, the socially vulnerable class such as children of one-parent families and children who are handicapped are even worse, higher as five to eight percent than those who are in ordinary families (Wu). It is one of the biggest effects the internet has caused because it is not just only an individual problem but also it causes the social costs. In 2010, the total social costs was estimated about 2.2 trillion won maximum including the costs of facilities providing pc service, the costs of cure and counseling for addicts and indirect costs which was caused by losing the opportunities of learning (Wu). The internet addiction is a serious problem because it affects teenagers much more. They are not adults yet and very easy to be influenced by provocative things. So, the internet which is full of exciting and sensational things could lead people to be addicted and made teenagers grow as adults not properly. Second, as a result of the development of the Internet, there has been people’s moral paralysis. Under the concept of the anonymity, people gradually do immoral behaviors such as writing aggressive, malicious and hateful comments to other people’s posts, sharing things or data illegally that has the right of ownership and distributing other people’s false information. There were many celebrities of South Korea who committed suicide because of the bad comments for about last few years. In this year, Korean singer, Son Ho Young who was used to be a member of the most famous group, â€Å"GOD,† attempted suicide in May (Jo). It was because he was blamed of his previous girlfriend’s suicide. Until he attempted it, so many people on the internet made him a shameless person and wrote comments aggressively on the articles about him. Also, a new word, â€Å"Il Be,† which is actually the abbreviated form of the community site emerged as a way of expres sing specific people who made malicious and dreadful comments to particular people such as some women and those who are from Jeolla Province. They are even called, â€Å"Il Be roundworm,† because of their shocking behaviors. Until recently, they are making noises on the society of South Korea. Besides, we can see many cases that data and information with property rights are illegally shared and distributed to a lot of people. There are hundreds of P2P sites providing free files of music, movies, publication with the rights of ownership. It could not be solved only by cracking down. According to the  Ministry of Culture and Tourism, even they imposed fine those P2P sites, but it was temporary and returned to former state (Jung). It is because people regard illegal if we steal some goods for sale in a real-world, but in the virtual reality they do not regard downloading and uploading data with property rights as illegal. The development of the internet has caused the invasion of privacy as well by distributing personal information and false data. We can search huge amounts of information via the internet, and even we can easily find what we wrote on the internet few years ago just by typing ID in the sea rch engine. However, using these advantages of the internet, there are problems of personal information leakage. Many people are having trouble in leaking their private information that lots of spam mails and text messages are sent to them with the illegally opened information such as individuals’ e-mail addresses and phone numbers. A lot of celebrities in Korea are suffered by the false information. These are because people’s morality was paralyzed as a result of rapid development of the internet. They are being confused, getting numb of great deal of information and takes for granted that blaming others on the internet and getting information for free without hesitation. Lastly, as a result of the development of the Internet, there has been the breakdown of communication. As the internet has developed rapidly in Korea, a generational gap was made between older people and young people. While the young are getting used to using the internet easily, older people are not. The internet made generational difference and be unable to talk each other. So the communication between older people and young people has decreased. Also, in the family, or even among friends there is not enough communication. Sons and daughters are not trying to talk with their parents and other family members when they are at home, chatting with friends with their computers or smartphones. Many people use Social Network Service (SNS) such as Facebook or Twitter and have a short talk and comments at open posts but do not have earnest conversations among friends and families. Even they are with friends beside, they chat with their smartphones using the mobile internet service, KakaoTal k. It would the biggest negative effect that the internet has made because even though the internet made the society not only more efficient and convenient but hard-hearted and less conversation. In conclusion, as the internet has developed so much in Korea, many people are addicted to the internet, people’s morality is getting cracked, and lots of people are having broken down on real-world communication. The addiction problem affected individuals and the Korea’s society both. Numerous people on the internet are paralyzed of their morality making bad comments, sharing other people’s information illegally and distributing others’ private or wrong information. Also, there is breakdown of communication in generational and real world. Although we are living conveniently in a well-developed society with hundreds of information and having benefits thanks to the internet, there are always two sides to the coin. There are also some negative effects because of the development of the internet. Therefore, we should make the best use of the positive sides of the Internet and try to solve and reduce the negative effects of the Internet.

The Decline Of Fatherhood :: essays research papers

The Decline of Fatherhood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David Popenoe's 'The Decline of Fatherhood'; discusses the rapid decay of our children due to the loss of male parenting. Popenoe's use of logos and ethos are efficient in the context of the paper to relate the behavior of present day children due to the growing absence of fatherly figures. The author, however, uses very little if any emotional appeal; but because of the nature and direction of the writing, the lack of pathos has no profound effect on the overall intent of David Popenoe's purpose. 'The Decline of Fatherhood'; by David Popenoe is a well written essay that convincingly persuades his view point through intelligent observation of facts. Logos is David Popenoe's most useful tool for argument in this essay. He uses several statistics to show the growing number of fatherless children from the turn of the century until the present, he and then successfully compares it to the alarming amount of growth in the delinquency and scarcity of education in children of the latest generation. The factual information provided with the explanatory details from the author makes his points obvious and clear to the reader. Because of the efficient use of the data and facts, the paper backs itself with rationale and logic which leads the audience to a greater understanding of the science behind the reasoning. For example, Popenoe wrote that only fifty percent of children born from 1970 until 1984 are now living with both parents. The results of this dramatic increase has tripled teen suicide, dropped SAT scores seventy Braithwaite 2 points, increased the drug alcohol rate at an incredibly quicker pace, and has placed thirty-eight percent of the nation's children in poverty. The cause and effect relationships demonstrated by the author are logically appealing and unmistakably apparent in his perspective and studies. The infallible devising of the facts linked with common sense easily portray the convincing ideas of Popenoe on to others as they indulge into his essay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yet another great example of appeal is established in the work of the author. The essay is not only well supplied with evidence and explanation, but it takes advantage of the superior credibility and reputation proceeding the writer. Before any words were even read on paper, Popenoe immediately sets an intellectual and believable tone being a professor in sociology. The fact that the writing was conceived by a well educated, knowledgeable man heightens the confidence of the reader to believe the information contributed.

Process Safety And Loss Prevention Plant Engineering Essay

The system in figure 1 schematic of a nomadic incineration unit. The equipment is arranged as a skid mounted bundle, recess and out pipes have been disconnected from unit.for the care purpose unit can be skiding out to open infinite and accessing needed constituents straight, or subsequently taking constituents from the unit in order to derive the entree. All supply and waste connexion are from the unit. Because of cramped conditions. Figure 2 it shows the forepart and side positions of the unit is 2.5m tallness, 5m deep, 2m broad. [ 1 ] Components: Heat money changer ( EX ) Rotary kiln ( RK ) Scrubing unit ( SC ) Temperature accountant ( TC ) Fan motor ( FM ) Screw feeder ( SW ) Screw motor ( SM ) Feed hopper ( FH ) The kiln, heat money changer, and scrubber are each secured to border by 6 bolts and there are 4 connexions to each of the motors. The whole unit can be slid out to let care utilizing raising cogwheel and this requires 20 proceedingss to hale out and 40 proceedingss to return. The clip takes to take nuts and bolts 2 proceedingss and the clip takes to replace 5 proceedingss [ 1 ] MTTR ( Average Time To Repair ) is besides known as Mean Corrective Tim – Mct, or TC. is colored norm of the fix times for the system. ( a ) ( I ) Calculation of MTTR when the unit is slid out for fix: Here failure constituents are removed from unit and it will be repaired and replaced to unit. Components: Heat money changer ( EX ) Rotary kiln ( RK ) Scrubing unit ( SC ) Temperature accountant ( TC ) Fan motor ( FM ) Screw feeder ( SW ) Screw motor ( SM ) Feed hopper ( FH ) Formula for MTTR: TE† c = [ a?‘ni=1 ( I »i.Tc ( I ) ) ] / a?‘ni=1 ( I »i ) Where: TE† c ( I ) is the disciplinary clip for the i'th unit. I »i is the failure rate of the i'th unit. N is the figure of unit. [ 2 ] Failure informations ( I » ) : Heat exchanger failure rate ( I » ) = 40 ( failure per 10^6hours ) or 40A-10^-6hours [ 3 ] Rotary kiln ( I » ) basic constituents of a rotary kiln are the shell, the furnace lining liner, support tyres, rollers, driven cogwheel and internal heat money changer. So rotary kiln failure rate we may gauge amount of all constituents which are utilizing to do rotary kiln. Under technology premise rotary kiln failure rate ( I » ) = 30 ( failures per 106hours ) or 30A-10-6 hours Under technology premise Scrubbing unit failure rate ( I » ) = 45 ( failures per 106hours ) or 45A-10-6hours Under technology premise fan failure rate ( I » ) = 57 ( failures per 106 hours ) or 57A-10-6 Corrective clip for constituents ( Tc ) : ( Tc ) = Tdet + Tloc + Tpla + Tsel + ( Tpre / Tlog ) + ( [ Trem + Trep ] /Trip ) + Tver + Tstu Tdet = observing mistake Tlo = placement failure Tpla = be aftering the work Ts = select the failed point Tpre = shutdown & A ; readying Tlog = logistics clip Trem = remotion of failed point Trep = replacing of failed point Trip = repair-in-place Tver = verify the repaired point Tstu = re-start [ 4 ] Corrective clip for heat money changer ( Tc ) Heat money changer has four connexions in the unit and heat money changer framed by 6 bolts and nuts so clip to take take that constituent ( heat money changer ) Entire nuts and bolts for the heat money changer in the unit = 6 Time taking to take bolts and nuts at each connexion = 2 proceedingss So clip taking to take heat exchanger = 6A-2 = 12 proceedingss Time taking to replace bolts and nuts at each connexion = 5 proceedingss Time taking to replace heat money changer = 6A-5 = 30 proceedingss And we have to unplug the connexions here we have entire 4 connexion Time taking to unplug pipe line the unit line from whole unit Unpluging pipe line from temperature accountant it will take clip = 20 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from fan it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from rotary kiln it will take clip = 40 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 20 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to temperature accountant it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to fan it will take clip = 35 proceedingss Connecting pipes line to rotary kiln it will take clip = 45 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 30 proceedingss Corrective clip for heat money changer ( Tc ) = 12+30+20+25+40+20+25+35+45+30 =282 proceedingss or 4.7 hours Corrective clip for rotary kiln ( Tc ) Rotary kiln has four connexions connexions in the unit and rotary kiln framed by 6 bolts and nuts so clip to take take that constituent ( rotary kiln ) Entire nuts and bolts for the rotary kiln in the unit = 6 Time taking to take bolts and nuts at each connexion = 2 proceedingss So clip taking to take rotary kiln = 6A-2 = 12 proceedingss Time taking to replace bolts and nuts at each connexion = 5 proceedingss Time taking to replace rotary kiln = 6A-5 = 30 proceedingss And we have to unplug the connexions here we have entire 4 connexion Time taking to unplug the unit line from whole unit Unpluging pipe line from prison guard motor it will take clip = 23 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from heat money changer it will take clip = 30 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 20 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to sleep together motor it will take clip = 28 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to heat exchanger it will take clip = 35 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 40 proceedingss Corrective clip for rotary kiln ( Tc ) = 12+30+23+30+25+20+28+35+25+40 = 268 proceedingss or 4.46 hours Scrubing unit has four connexions in the unit and framed by 6 bolts and nuts so clip to take take that constituent ( scouring unit ) Entire nuts and bolts for the scouring unit in the unit = 6 Time taking to take bolts and nuts at each connexion = 2 proceedingss So clip taking to take scouring unit = 6A-2 = 12 proceedingss Time taking to replace bolts and nuts at each connexion = 5 proceedingss Time taking to replace scouring unit = 6A-5 = 30 proceedingss And we have to unplug the connexions here we have entire 4 connexion Time taking to unplug the unit line from whole unit Unpluging pipe line from fan it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 30 Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 35 Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 25 Connecting pipe line to fan it will take clip = 30 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 33 Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 38 Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 30 Corrective clip for scouring unit ( Tc ) = 12+30+25+30+35+25+30+33+38+30= 288 proceedingss or 4.80 hours Fan has besides four connexions with whole unit Unpluging pipe line from heat money changer it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from temperature accountant it will take clip = 30 Unpluging pipe line from scouring unit it will take clip = 33 Unpluging pipe line from fan motor it will take clip = 27 Connecting pipe line to heat exchanger it will take clip = 30 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to temperature accountant it will take clip = 33 Connecting pipe line to scouring unit it will take clip = 38 Connecting pipe line to fan motor it will take clip = 30 Corrective clip for fan unit ( Tc ) = 25+30+33+27+30+33+38+30= 246 proceedingss or 4.10 hours Table 1: Technetium for the when the unit is slid out for fix Component I » ( failures per 106or A-10-6hours ) Tc ( hours ) I » . Tc Heat money changer 40 4.70 188 Rotary kiln 30 4.46 133.8 Scrubing unit 45 4.80 216 Fan 57 4.10 233.7 a?‘I »= 172 a?‘I »Tc= 771.5 Tc = a?‘I »Tc / a?‘I » = 771.5 /172 = 4.48 hours The MTTR ( Average Time To Repair ) when the unit is slid out for fix = 4.48 hours ( a ) ( two ) Calculation of MTTR when the unit is repaired in topographic point: Here we have to cipher MTTR ( Average Time To Repair ) whole unit in topographic point Components: Heat money changer ( EX ) Rotary kiln ( RK ) Scrubing unit ( SC ) Temperature accountant ( TC ) Fan motor ( FM ) Screw feeder ( SW ) Screw motor ( SM ) Feed hopper ( FH ) Formula for MTTR: TE† c = [ a?‘ni=1 ( I »i.Tc ( I ) ) ] / a?‘ni=1 ( I »i ) Where: TE† c ( I ) is the disciplinary clip for the i'th unit. I »i is the failure rate of the i'th unit. N is the figure of unit. [ 5 ] Failure informations ( I » ) : Heat exchanger failure rate ( I » ) = 40 ( failure per 10^6hours ) or 40A-10^-6hours [ 6 ] Rotary kiln ( I » ) basic constituents of a rotary kiln are the shell, the furnace lining liner, support tyres, rollers, driven cogwheel and internal heat money changer. So rotary kiln failure rate we may gauge amount of all constituents which are utilizing to do rotary kiln. Under technology premise rotary kiln failure rate ( I » ) = 30 ( failures per 106hours ) or 30A-10-6 hours Under technology premise Scrubbing unit failure rate ( I » ) = 45 ( failures per 106hours ) or 45A-10-6hours Under technology premise fan failure rate ( I » ) = 57 ( failures per 106 hours ) or 57A-10-6 Corrective clip for constituents ( Tc ) : ( Tc ) = Tdet + Tloc + Tpla + Tsel + ( Tpre / Tlog ) + ( [ Trem + Trep ] /Trip ) + Tver + Tstu Tdet = observing mistake Tlo = placement failure Tpla = be aftering the work Ts = select the failed point Tpre = shutdown & A ; readying Tlog = logistics clip Trem = remotion of failed point Trep = replacing of failed point Trip = repair-in-place Tver = verify the repaired point Tstu = re-start [ 7 ] here we do n't necessitate to take constituents from unit for fix Corrective clip for heat money changer ( Tc ) : Heat money changer has four connexion in the whole unit Time taking to unpluging the unit line from whole unit Unpluging pipe line from temperature accountant it will take clip = 20 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from fan it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from rotary kiln it will take clip = 40 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 20 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to temperature accountant it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to fan it will take clip = 35 proceedingss Connecting pipes line to rotary kiln it will take clip = 45 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 30 proceedingss Corrective clip for heat money changer unit ( Tc ) = 20+25+40+20+25+35+45+30 = 240 minute or 4 hours Corrective clip for rotary kiln ( Tc ) : Unpluging pipe line from prison guard motor it will take clip = 23 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from heat money changer it will take clip = 30 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 20 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to sleep together motor it will take clip = 28 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to heat exchanger it will take clip = 35 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 40 proceedingss Corrective clip for rotary kiln ( Tc ) = 23+30+25+20+28+35+25+40 = 226 minute or 3.76 hours Corrective clip for scouring unit ( Tc ) : Unpluging pipe line from fan it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 30 Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 35 Unpluging pipe line from another connexion it will take clip = 25 Connecting pipe line to fan it will take clip = 30 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 33 Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 38 Connecting pipe line to another connexion it will take clip = 30 Corrective clip for scouring unit ( Tc ) = 25+30+35+25+30+33+38+30 = 246 proceedingss or 4.10 hours Corrective clip for fan ( Tc ) : Unpluging pipe line from heat money changer it will take clip = 25 proceedingss Unpluging pipe line from temperature accountant it will take clip = 30 Unpluging pipe line from scouring unit it will take clip = 33 Unpluging pipe line from fan motor it will take clip = 27 Connecting pipe line to heat exchanger it will take clip = 30 proceedingss Connecting pipe line to temperature accountant it will take clip = 33 Connecting pipe line to scouring unit it will take clip = 38 Connecting pipe line to fan motor it will take clip = 30 Corrective clip for fan unit ( Tc ) = 25+30+33+27+30+33+38+30= 246 proceedingss or 4.10 hours So based on computations and observation MTTR ( Mean To Time Repair ) for unit is slid out for fix is significantly more than unit is repaired in topographic point. Table 2: Technetium for the when the unit is repaired in topographic point Component I » ( failures per 106or A-10-6hours ) Tc ( hours ) I » . Tc Heat money changer 40 4.0 160 Rotary kiln 30 3.76 112.8 Scrubing unit 45 4.10 184.5 Fan 57 4.10 233.7 a?‘I »= 172 a?‘I »Tc= 691.0 Tc = a?‘I »Tc / a?‘I » = 691 /172 = 4.01 hours The MTTR ( Average Time To Repair ) when the unit is slid out for fix = 4.01 hours Mentions: ( 1 ) ( a ( I ) ) ( a ( two ) ) [ 1 ] Plant dependability and maintainability, assignment inquiry paper, faculty ( CPE6250 ) held on November 30 to December 3 2009. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 7 ] Cris Whetton, ility technology. Maintainability. [ Lecture press release ] .from works dependability and maintainability, faculty ( CPE6250 ) held on November 30 to December 3 2009. [ 3 ] [ 6 ] Frank P. Lees, 1996, Loss bar in the procedure industries, 2nd edition, volume 3. 1b ) Design alterations to cut down Mean Time To Repair ( MTTR ) : To accomplish optimal MTTR the undermentioned design consideration are recommended: The heat exchanger stuff must be considered based on the operating temperature of the liquid More dependable and maintainable stuff used in the rotary kiln Better we have one more scouring unit to cut down the Mean Time To mend MTTR Motor capacity must designed based on chilling demands All the pipe parametric quantities must be based on the operating temperature of the liquid throwing it Material which is utilizing to do all constituents should be defy all status The temperature accountant must be calibrated for the liquid temperature 1c ) Instrumentality which has system is utile to find the mistakes.so instrumentality in this system temperature accountant ( TC ) : Here TC maps to modulate the temperature of the liquid come ining the heat money changer that is, it pre-controls the liquid come ining the heat money changer. As shown in the figure, the temperature accountant modulate the temperature of the liquid released from the heat money changer and before being cooled by the fan which is control by fan motor. So temperature accountant is utile to observing the mistake which may happen in the heat money changer. Based on the given figure it can be likely assume that degree index may be used for the rotary kiln. a flat index is placed at the top of the rotary kiln. This is used is indicate the maximal degree of the mixture that can be accommodated in a rotary kiln. So this may be indicated the mistakes if anything occur. A flow rate valve is placed in the scrubber unit, so as to command the flow rate alkalic solution into the scouring unit. This flow rate valve allows merely the coveted sum of solution in to the scouring unit. Once the coveted degree is reached the valve will automatically close off the flow of liquid into the unit. And we have some detector dismay at the fan and fan motor and screw motor why because if these have any jobs will gives the signals so we can easy find the mistakes. Due to the incorporation of these instrumentality into the chief system the opportunities of failure is significantly reduced 2 ) Question description: Procedure works to respond liquid A and liquid B to bring forth merchandise C. liquid A passing into storage A utilizing liquid accountant. From storage it will pump to reactor. Liquid B go throughing into storage B utilizing liquid accountant from storage B to pumping to reactor. From reactor merchandise C coming out. Acid gas from reactor pumping to scouring unit. In scouring unit acid gas is cleaned utilizing alkalic solution which is go throughing into scouring unit. Scrubing unit leaves impersonal waste watercourse. Liquids ever available at the recesss to the procedure. There is at least two scouring units working right for the procedure. Stand-by pumps switch over automatically. Pipe work failures can be ignored. [ 1 ] Available informations: The computing machine system has a dependability of 0.9997 over one twelvemonth The operator dependability over one twelvemonth is 0.85 for indicated mistakes and 0.95 for mistakes which raise an dismay Scrubber unit has a weilbull failure characteristic with I · = 600 yearss, I? = 60days, and I? = 1.8 Reactor failures can affect the fomenter which has two failure manners. Shaft break failure rate = 0.1/year Motor failure rate = 0.3/year [ 1 ] 2 ( a ( I ) ) Fault tree analysis here merchandise fails to run into specification is the top event Alarm failure Liquid control LAL fails Liquid control Low degree High degree Agitator failure Coking job Motor failure Shaft break High degree Low degree Excess flow of liquid Angstrom Excess flow of liquid B Reactor Pump failure 2 ( a ( two ) ) Fault tree analysis here liquid waste watercourse composing outside bounds is the top event Low degree High degree Internal mal maps failure Connection fails between scrubbers Improper cleansing temperature Improper alkaline solution pumping to scrubber unit Scrubber unit failure Improper flow reactor to scrubber High degree Low degree Low degree High degree 2a ) computation of dependability of parts of the system Here parts of the system: Storages Reactor Agitator Pumps Scrubing unit Dependability of reactor: Here reactor failure can affect the fomenter failure. First one is shaft break and 2nd one is motor failure Failure rate of shaft break = 0.1/year Failure rate of the motor = 0.3/year Scrubber unit has a weilbull failure characteristic with I · = 600 yearss, I? = 60days, and I? = 1.8 [ 1 ] Failure rate of pump ( I » ) = 13A-10-6hours [ 2 ] Dependability of shaft break: Equation for failure rate: Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 Here I? = form factor I · = characteristic life I? = location parametric quantity T = lasting a clip Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^6 [ 3 ] Failure rate of shaft break = 0.1/year So utilizing this we are happening T Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 0.1/year = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( t-60 ) 1.8-1 Here one twelvemonth = 365 yearss 0.1/365 = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( t-60 ) 1.8-1 T = 90.11 yearss Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^6 = 0.995 So dependability for shaft break = 0.995 Dependability of motor: Equation for failure rate: Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 Here I? = form factor I · = characteristic life I? = location parametric quantity T = lasting a clip Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^6 Failure rate of the motor = 0.3/year So utilizing this we are happening T Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 0.3/year = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( t-60 ) 1.8-1 Here one twelvemonth = 365 yearss 0.3/365 = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( t-60 ) 1.8-1 T = 177.29 yearss Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^6 = 0.948 So dependability for motor = 0.948 Dependability for scouring unit: Equation for failure rate: Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 Here I? = form factor I · = characteristic life I? = location parametric quantity T = lasting a clip Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^I? Here we have the T = 133.6 yearss Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 Z ( T ) = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( 133.6-60 ) 1.8-1 Z ( T ) = 0.2/year Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^I? = 0.996 So dependability for scouring unit R ( T ) = 0.996 Dependability of pump: Failure rate of pump ( I » ) = 13A-10-6hours Dependability of pump R ( T ) = e-I »t Surviving clip t = 70 yearss One twenty-four hours = 24 hours Surviving clip T = 1680 hours Dependability of pump R ( T ) = e-I »t = vitamin E ( -13A-10^-6A-1680 ) Dependability of pump R ( T ) = 0.978 Mentions: [ 1 ] Plant dependability and maintainability, assignment inquiry paper, faculty ( CPE6250 ) held on November 30 to December 3 2009. [ 2 ] Frank P. Lees, 1996, Loss bar in the procedure industries, 2nd edition, volume 3. [ 3 ] Cris Whetton, ility technology. Failure information analysis. [ Lecture press release ] .from works dependability and maintainability, faculty ( CPE6250 ) held on November 30 to December 3 2009. 2b ) Reliability block diagram for the complete system Pump 1 Storage A Pump2 Scrubing unit Reactor Pump Storage B computation of dependability of the complete system over one twelvemonth: Here parts of the system: Storages Reactor Agitator Pumps Scrubing unit Dependability of reactor: Here reactor failure can affect the fomenter failure. First one is shaft break and 2nd one is motor failure Failure rate of shaft break = 0.1/year Failure rate of the motor = 0.3/year Scrubber unit has a weilbull failure characteristic with I · = 600 yearss, I? = 60days, and I? = 1.8 [ 1 ] Failure rate of pump ( I » ) = 13A-10-6hours Failure rate of fan ( I » ) = 57A-10-6hours [ 2 ] Dependability of shaft break: Equation for failure rate: Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 Here I? = form factor I · = characteristic life I? = location parametric quantity T = lasting a clip Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^6 [ 3 ] Failure rate of shaft break = 0.1/year So utilizing this we are happening T Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 0.1/year = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( t-60 ) 1.8-1 Here one twelvemonth = 365 yearss 0.1/365 = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( t-60 ) 1.8-1 T = 90.11 yearss Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^6 = 0.995 So dependability for shaft break = 0.995 Dependability of motor: Equation for failure rate: Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 Here I? = form factor I · = characteristic life I? = location parametric quantity T = lasting a clip Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^6 Failure rate of the motor = 0.3/year So utilizing this we are happening T Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 0.3/year = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( t-60 ) 1.8-1 Here one twelvemonth = 365 yearss 0.3/365 = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( t-60 ) 1.8-1 T = 177.29 yearss Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^6 = 0.948 So dependability for motor = 0.948 Dependability for scouring unit: Equation for failure rate: Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 Here I? = form factor I · = characteristic life I? = location parametric quantity T = lasting a clip Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^I? Here we have the T = 133.6 yearss Z ( T ) = I?/I ·I? ( t-I? ) I?-1 Z ( T ) = ( 1.8/ ( 600 ) 1.8 ) A- ( 133.6-60 ) 1.8-1 Z ( T ) = 0.2/year Equation for the dependability: R ( T ) = e- ( ( t-I? ) /I · ) ^I? = 0.996 So dependability for scouring unit R ( T ) = 0.996 Dependability of pump: Failure rate of pump ( I » ) = 13A-10-6hours Dependability of pump R ( T ) = e-I »t Surviving clip t = 70 yearss One twenty-four hours = 24 hours Surviving clip T = 1680 hours Dependability of pump R ( T ) = e-I »t = vitamin E ( -13A-10^-6A-1680 ) Dependability of pump R ( T ) = 0.978 Dependability of the complete system over twelvemonth R ( T ) = norm of system parts dependability = ( 0.995+0.948+0.996+0.978 ) /4 = 0.979 Therefore dependability of the complete system over twelvemonth = 0.979 Mentions: [ 1 ] Plant dependability and maintainability, assignment inquiry paper, faculty ( CPE6250 ) held on November 30 to December 3 2009. [ 2 ] Frank P. Lees, 1996, Loss bar in the procedure industries, 2nd edition, volume 3. [ 3 ] Cris Whetton, ility technology. Failure information analysis. [ Lecture press release ] .from works dependability and maintainability, faculty ( CPE6250 ) held on November 30 to December 3 2009. 2c ) To accomplish a mark dependability of 0.90 over one twelvemonth: Reliability mark is a nothing failure mark. This is an of import mark implied for those low acting workss, such workss does non accomplish certain ends designed by applied scientists. So we have to put appropriate mark to accomplish works design. the dependability of the system must be improved to accomplish the mark. to accomplish the dependability mark or to better dependability three basic ways must be employed. By system design By component specification By preventative care By system design: – The basic regulation of our system design is to maintain the design has simple as possible. the system is more dependable if the system is simple. Some of the stairss include, System simplification: To cut down the complexnesss in procedure works at the design phase its ego Decrease in the usage of Complex parts by replacing them with more cardinal parts The design should be made simple and easy to under base Decrease in constituent count: The figure of constituents used in the works must be reduced. complex constituents must be avoided for the simpleness of the design. Mistake tolerance: The basic features of mistake tolerance require: No individual point of failure No individual point of repair- the system must run without any break during the procedure of fix when the system experiences any jobs. Mistake isolation to the neglecting component- in instance of failures the failed portion of the system must be isolated from the pained system. This requires necessary failure sensing mechanism. Fault containment to forestall extension of the failure Handiness of reversion modes- some failures may do cripples to the full system, to avoid the full procedure system must force to the safe manner By component specification: For the dependability of a constituent it must be adequately specified for their full length of service. Extra dependability can be provided by runing the constituents at lower emphasis so their operating emphasiss. By making so early failures of the constituents can be reduced. in a procedure industry it is really hard to better dependability merely by specification. This is attributed to the deficit of necessary informations sing the affect of emphasiss on the constituents. Components of high quality can non be used ever for economic grounds. Normally the parametric quantities required to better dependability frequently contradict with procedure demands. Some of the dependability betterments include: Use of disciplinary maintenance- it is defined as the care which is required to mend and convey merchandise after the fix is carried out. it is carried out in constituents who is failures does n't impact of the overall working of the procedure system significantly. This activity chiefly involves fix, Restoration or replacing of constituents. Design improvement-the design of any high quality procedure works is based on the design parametric quantities and proficient specifications. the reactor design must be improved for high rates of efficiency. Temperature, force per unit area and other external considerations must be included in the design of reactor and storage armored combat vehicles. Quality control-Quality control assures conformity to specifications. quality control checks whether measurings of the constituents like reactors, storage armored combat vehicle, scrub units as in this instance conform to the demands. Preventive care: Is defined as a care carried out to forestall failure or warring out of constituents in the procedure works. This is carried out by supplying systematic review, sensing and bar of inchoate failure. The preventive care attempts are aimed at continuing the utile life of equipment and avoiding premature equipment failures, minimising any impact on operational demands. In add-on to the everyday facets of cleansing, adjusting, lubricating and proving. it is carried out merely on those points where a failure would hold expensive or unacceptable effects e.g. reactors, storage armored combat vehicles, scouring units. Many of these points are besides capable to a statutory demand for review and preventative care. [ 1 ]

Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Share Essay

Littlefield Simulation 2 strategy: Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Share 1 More Next Blog » Create Blog Sign In Littlefield Simulation 2 strategy Sunday, July 17, 2011 Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Followers Join this site with Google Friend Connect Just went through this last semester. We ended up in first place even though we made a few minor mistakes. First a few links that helped us: There are no members yet. Be the first! http://archive.ite.journal.informs.org/Vol5No2/Miyaoka/ http://wordpress.shetgar.com/blog/?p=59 http://www.scribd.com/doc/51139499/Littlefield ­Simulation ­2 ­Report Already a member? Sign in Here is what we did: Pre ­Game Activities: The team met the Tuesday before class to examine the data  and discuss strategies. It was apparent that both Stations 1 and 3 were operating at full capacity, frequently hitting 100% utilization. Station 3 seemed more strained since it had higher queues (Mean=506, STD=498) than Station 1(Mean=187, STD=175). Since the average job lead time exceeded 2 days during days 43 through 46, inclusive, we thought it would be unprofitable to attempt to move to the $1,000 contracts. We discussed the options of altering the lot sizes, but decided that the extra setup time would only create more bottlenecks downstream. About Me Blog Archive HB ââ€" ¼ 2011 (1) View my complete profile ââ€" ¼ July (1) Littlefield Technologi es Simulation Game 2 strateg†¦ Stage 1: As a result of our analysis, the team’s initial actions included: 1. Leave the contracts at $750. 2. Change the reorder point to 3000 (possibly risking running out of stock). 3. Change the reorder quantity to 3600 kits. 4. Purchase a second machine for Station 3 as soon as our cash balance reached $137,000 ($100K + 37K). This strategy proved successful and after the second machine for Station 3 was purchased on Day 56 and the queue cleared, we were able to switch to the $1,000 contracts. We occasionally lost a few dollars for being a little late, but we always made more than we would have under the $750 contracts. Stage 2: The next goal was to save enough cash to purchase a machine for Station 1 so that we could switch to the $1,250 contracts. During the cash building stage, we made the inventory order quantity as high as we could afford, which was 6,900 kits at a purchase price of $70,000. When the 6,900 kits were delivered, we switched the order quantity back to 3,600 so that we could purchase a Station 1 machine as soon as our cash balance reached $127,000 ($90K + 37K). After 21 factory days, we were able to purchase the fourth machine for Station 1 and immediately moved to the $1,250 contracts. The average lead time declined to under a half a day during factory days 69 through 76. There was a substantial decline in arriving orders during the same time period. The team noticed the drop in lead time and regrets not having moved to the $1,250 contracts sooner. We lost $22,750 of potential revenue for not moving on the information sooner. On the other hand, orders are random and an early move could have backfired on us. Stage 3: During our preliminary meeting, the team discussed the possibility of purchasing a fifth machine for Station 1. We decided to wait and see if the loss of potential ea  rnings was sufficient to justify a $90 K purchase. We knew that if we were going to buy a fifth machine we should do it as soon as possible to maximize the return on investment. We calculated the loss of potential revenue as ($1,250 – actual average revenues * jobs completed). Our initial estimates showed a potential revenue loss of $266 per day, but within a few factory days the rate of potential loss rose to $419 per day. There is another consideration in the decision to purchase a fifth machine for Station 1. The title of the Littlefield Technologies game 2 is Customer Responsiveness. The title implies that we should be concerned about the consistency with which we deliver on our service level agreements (SLAs). The potential loss of $419 per day barely covers the $90,000 machine purchaseÍ ¾ however we were missing our SLAs 13 out of 15 days and the percent of potential revenues lost due to missing SLAs was 3%. We decided to purchase the fifth machine on Day 94 primarily to improve our customer responsiveness. This strategy did not perform as well as we had hoped. While our potential revenues lost declined to 1%, we were still missing our SLAs six out of seven days. Stage 4. During Stage 4, we explored job splitting as a solution to the SLA problem. First, we split jobs into two batch of 30 kits each. This strategy worked so well that we wondered why we hadn’t explored job splitting during Stage 2 or 3. We met our SLAs 12 out of 16 days and our percent of potential revenues lost declined to 0.4%. We calculated the setup times as a proportion of a

Improve your energy levels to work your best

Improve your energy levels to work your best The grind of wake-work-sleep-repeat five times a week is enough to make anyone tired. Fold in family obligations, housework, and, you know, the occasional night out of fun, and it’s no wonder that most of us are exhausted by 2 p.m. every day. If you want to feel better so you can work better, you don’t have to make huge life changes in order to see results. Start small with the following tips and fold them into your life  bit by bit. If you’re diligent about changing your ways, your physical and mental energy are sure to see a boost.Eat good, whole foods.Whole grains, protein, and fruit are great ways to keep your brain and body going, even if you’re not feeling at your perkiest. Try oatmeal with a banana or berries and a sprinkling of nuts for breakfast instead of that muffin or bagel. (Keep a canister at work.) Store healthy snacks in your desk or in the common fridge so you have good options when you’re flagging and need an energy or blood suga r boost- try almonds, or carrots and hummus, or plain popcorn. If you’re prepared when hunger strikes, you won’t go searching for the first vending machine you can find. And don’t forget to hydrate! Keep a refillable bottle by your desk to fill with water and mug for green tea, which is less dehydrating and much healthier than coffee.Get enough sleep.â€Å"Enough sleep† will differ from person to person. According to the National Sleep Foundation, adults need 7-9 hours. Of course, this is just an average, and you know your body best. For you, a restful sleep might mean 8 hours, or it might mean 5. If you’re exhausted every day, chances are you need to increase your sleep time. Try adding 30 minutes every day and taking note of how you feel the next work day. Once you start to feel more rested, you likely have found a sweet spot.The issue for most working adults is finding the time at the end of the day to wind down and actually fall asleep at a rea sonable hour. If you establish a bedtime routine and turn off electronics in the hour leading up to your bedtime, sleep will come easier to you. Adding in exercise a few days a week can only help. Finally, it’s not the best idea to consume caffeine after lunch, so watch your coffee and soda consumption.Move around.If you’re drooping mid-day, move your body to wake it up. Are you able to get out for a lunch break? If so, take advantage- even a 20 minute daily walk in fresh air will do wonders for your energy levels and your morale. Can you make it to the gym, do a quick workout video, or go for a jog at least 3 times a week? Even better. If you just don’t have the time, take 15 minutes at home (in front of the T.V. will do!) to stretch your body every night. Anything to get the blood moving will make you feel and perform better at work.Check your vices.Smoking and drinking alcohol might feel like crutches that you desperately need to keep functioning, but both ca n have an adverse affect on both your energy and your health. If you don’t want to cut them out, at least aim to cut back.Make a workday soundtrack.This one is fun: If you’re allowed to play music out loud or listen to headphones while you work, take advantage. Every night, take a few minutes to create a playlist of tunes that will keep you motivated throughout the next day. It’s harder to doze off when you’re (silently) singing along to your favorites. When a long day stretches ahead of you, a curated music list is a small pleasure you can anticipate.

Quality Management systems

Quality Management systems Introduction According to Larry English, the principles and strategies for information quality management have been in existence for decades. Any quality management process begins and ends with the consumers. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Management systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It starts with understanding consumers’ needs for the product, initiating quality parameters to attain them and culminates with assessing whether consumers’ requirements are attained (English, 2004). I will discuss how quality management systems are used to improve the quality of a product/service and satisfy customer needs. I will evaluate how the Toyota Motor Corporation has employed quality management systems to improve the quality of their Corolla products. I will also talk about how the Australian Airline use its modern mobile messaging system to provide quality services to passengers at affordable pr ices. Quality management system used by Toyota Motor Corporation The Toyota Motor Corporation is the biggest car producer in Japan. It has been the largest automobile producer in the world since 2004 (Leney, 2004). Since 1999, Toyota has made aggressive marketing campaigns to encroach into the European Market (Bodevin 2010). The company hired European designers to develop cars that matched the needs customers from Europe (Vries 2001). Toyota also aimed to expand its production capacity in Europe. For example, it launched two new manufacturing plants in 2004: the Polish plant for manufacturing manual transmissions for Avensis, Corolla and Yaris; and the Valenciennes plant in France for producing Yaris. In 2002, the company set up Toyota Motor Manufacturing Turkey, to produce Corolla sedans for export purposes (Prebil 2010). Toyota Corolla has many competitive advantages when compared to other automobile competitors. For example, the 1998 Corolla model offered superior power with adm irable economy, a comfy interior and reliability. The current model is evolutionary, fixing shortfalls without reducing Corolla’s strengths. For instance, it is now easier to handle Corolla S than the previous Corolla LE model because it offers a well-cushioned ride. The poor air condition system has been enhanced especially in the 2004 models compared to the 2003 generations. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The interior space has been enlarged to accommodate five passengers comfortably. In addition, the current model has a superior acceleration with an automatic transmission. The gas mileage is also very efficient (about 38 for highway and 29 when driving in the city). Even the small irritations seen in previous Corolla have been rectified. For instance, the fragile-feeling door handles have been swapped with pull and it opens handles to enable people wi th gloves or bigger hands open the door easily. Moreover, the exterior of the Corolla S model has been upgraded with a European-bulbous appearance. The back has smart tail-lights with assimilated amber turn indicators for safety (Zatz, 2008) The S model has a superior rpm range when compared to other competitors. The model has an efficiently-designed pedal-to-fuel curve that makes Corolla stronger even in city traffic. In addition, the engine is not extremely noisy under hard acceleration. Generally, the S model is easier to handle than other cars. Majority of drivers will discover that Corolla S will swiftly attend to their needs. The S model feels lively and fast even if the tires appear to complain under stress (Zatz, 2008). Quality management system in Australian airline Quality management system is a combination of work ethics and practices for enhancing passenger safety and upgrading boarding services in aviation industry (Smith, 2002). For example, Australian airline has upg raded its mobile messaging system to provide quality services at affordable prices (Mulholland, 2005). The airline has launched an SMS-based boarding pass and also installed novel self-service check-in reception desks at airports to provide customers with an efficient and swift check-in services. Under this new system, all passengers receive their flight pass via email or text messages. For those passengers who do not have check-in luggage, they immediately board the plane using the pass sent to them through email or SMS. Passengers are also allowed to select their preferred seats at the check-in reception desk. The entire process takes about 13 seconds for each passenger, compared to the previous process which took over 60 seconds (Milojkovic, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Management systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The major aspect of this messaging system is the novel scanning technology that scrutinizes the text message conveyed to a passenger’s cell phone via the boarding code SMS platform. The new mobile messaging system is able to analyze a message transmitted to any type of cell phone, including smartphones. This represents a major technological advancement that has enabled Australian airline to issue boarding passes for all passengers. As a result, the airline recorded over 9% increase in the volume of passengers who used this service (Smith, 2002). It is worth to note that both Toyota Motor Corporation and Australian airline have integrated quality management systems in their operations to improve the quality of their products and services respectively. These efforts mirror David Garvin’s eight dimensions of quality which he observes that consumers have diverse opinions on quality compared to that of a producer. Garvin defines quality in relation to costs and prices. He states that a quality product (service) is one that offers performance, r eliability and serviceability at an affordable price (Das 2007). As noted above, safety management systems play crucial role in any airline operations. Experience has revealed that quality management systems enhance productivity of any organization. Given the current economic status and stiff competition in the global market, it is paramount that top-level management and employees play active roles in implementing quality management systems to provide superior products/services to meet customer needs. Reference Bodevin, L 2010, ‘While Detroit Slept: Toyota Invaded the American Car Market’, mcafee.cc/Classes/BEM106/Papers/UTexas/351/Toyota.pdf Das, S 2007, ‘Quest for Quality: Thoughts, Ideas, Concepts, Views on Quality and Process Improvement in the Information technology’, http://processandqualityimprovement.blogspot.com/2007/08/david-garvin.htmlAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More English, L 2004, putting Quality Process in Place to Exploit Technology. DataFlux Corporation, Cary, NC. Leney, A 2004, ‘Vehicle Recycling on South Tawara’, sprep.org/att/IRC/eCOPIES/countries/kiribati/99.pdf Milojkovic, D 2011, ‘Australian airline introduces SMS boarding passes’, routomessaging.com/Blog/Entry/106-australian-airline- introduces-smsboarding-passes.pmx Mulholland, K 2005, ‘Aerospace Standard’, Http://www.sae.org Prebil, S 2010, ‘The international expansion of a company into a foreign market’, iei.liu.se/fek/723g10/upload-presentation-for assignment3/1.226756/723G10_IB_Assignment_03_Task_02_Group_01_Pape pdf Smith, M 2002, ‘Safety Management Systems: What’s in it for you’, casa.gov.au Vries, W 2001, ‘Performance, quality, Management’, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/statorg/Workshops/KualaLumpur/01_Perfom nce_Indicators_Paper.PDF Zatz, D 2008, ‘Introduction: 2004 Toyota Corol la Reviews’, corolland.com/corolla/review-2004.html Quality Management Systems Introduction As consumers become increasingly sophisticated, more knowledgeable and their needs grow, the sure method that any company can thrive under these circumstances is by providing a dedication to quality. The Quality Management Systems stipulated in the various standards gives the management framework that enables a company to institute necessary control measures to tackle risks, evaluate, and assess progress of the company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The quality standards are also essential in improving the image and reputation hence permits the company to search for new developments through external and internal contacts. Quality Management Systems are applicable in any organization that aspires to enhance its operations and management, in spite of its size or sector. Nevertheless, the most benefits on investment are from those organizations that have practiced it all through their structures rather than at only specific sites or hierarchy level. This paper discusses the process, monitoring, and evaluation of the quality management systems. ISO 9001:2000 The ISO 9001:2000 is a well-grounded international standard for quality control that cuts across all organizations. It is the most predominantly used quality system in improving the various aspects of an organization (British Standards Institution, 2009, para.8). The standard has evolved from theoretical aspects from the time of its creation to emphasize on practical and process-oriented approach as a basis for quality control. Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig 1: Process model of ISO 9001:2000 (Kaufmann Bieschke, 2009). The underlying quality management principles that are the basis of ISO 9001:2000 are â€Å"â€Å"customer focus, leadership, i nvolvement of the people, process approach, system approach to management, continual improvement, factual approach to decision making, and maintaining beneficial supplier relationships† (International Organization for Standardization, 2009). Figure 2: The eight quality management systems of an organization To achieve quality goals and satisfy the needs of the customers, an organization must recognize and illustrate processes that are efficient, accessible and properly understood, evaluate the progress of these processes, and identify and apply developments to these processes. The Quality Management System (QMS) is the emphasis of clause 4.0 ISO 9001: 2000 standard. The goal of this clause is to make sure that the organization recognizes and manages all the processes that are necessary in realizing uniformity and consumer contentment. The organization must come to terms with processes together with the association that exists amongst the various processes. It is necessary to e stablish these processes and apply them to contain the whole QMS. This quality standard also encourages organizations to control and periodically enhance their processes. Sub-clause 4.2 is considering the role of documentation of QMS. The QMS comprises of quality policy, quality objectives, a quality manual and all supporting procedures.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The documented procedures envelop the areas of â€Å"document control, control of records, internal audits, control of non-conforming products, corrective actions and preventive actions.† Every organization ought to include all the processes, procedures, and documents they may require. Documentation is necessary since it is a means of changing tacit skills to explicit skills in order for individuals to share their various experiences and work efficiently. One of the merits of this qua lity system is that it stipulates the requirements that make an organization to evaluate itself. The assessment usually commences with internal audits undertaken once or twice a year and proceeds to yearly external audits undertaken by a reputable third party body. These set standards keeps the ISO 9001:2000 focused and up-to-date, repelling the perception that an organization accredited with this quality standard seeks a mere show of paperwork and compromise. The ISO 9001:2000 lays more emphasis on customer satisfaction as a vital ingredient in the well-being of an organization. Since the goal of any organization is to meet the needs of the customers, they have no choice but to comprehend the varied needs of the customers and fulfill them. Customer focus involves the organization executing tasks to comprehend their needs and expectations. â€Å"Disciplined requirement elicitation, regular customer feedback, surveys and understanding market trends† are some of the methods of realizing this goal (Kishore, 2003, p.50). The organization goals relate to the customers and therefore it does not make sense when the organization does not focus on this as one of its strategic objectives. It is also necessary to stretch customer needs throughout the organization even to those sites and departments that are not directly linked to the customers requirements. If the internal departments come to terms with the varied customer needs and expectations and the necessity of meeting them, then the organization will ultimately flourish.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For the success of any organization, the various stakeholders must be involved adequately in the daily running of its activities. The ISO 9001:2000 asserts that individuals at all categories of the organization and their total participation allow them to be productive in the place of work (Global Quality Village, 2009). Individuals who feel part of the success of the organization often bring more commitment and energy to the organization. It assists when individuals comes to terms with their significance in the context of their organization. Investment in people yields to more efficiency in their productivity as they give suggestions on ways of enhancing the goods and services of the organization. Involved people also feel committed to realize the goals of the organization and strive in accomplishing the targets. The ways of making sure that individuals are involved must focus on realizing that individuals are a valuable resource to the organization and are liable to be esteemed. In volvement of people in making decisions and directions for an organization implies recognizing that they perform their duties faithfully and reliably. Performing their duties satisfies them; hence, they are always on toes to fulfill the goals of the organization. In order to accomplish effectively its vision, an organization must work together in harmony with the various stakeholders. This quality management principle identifies the role of leadership in endowing the organization with purpose and direction. Leadership is of essence since it involves creating a good working environment where all the individuals in an organization experience equal participation and perform tasks collaboratively to realize the targets of the organization Six Sigma Six Sigma is an elaborate and flexible quality system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing the success of an organization. This quality system is associated with a close focus on â€Å"the requirements of the customers, disciplined use o f facts, data, and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to managing, improving, and re-inventing business processes.† (Pande et al., 2000, p.xi). This business management strategy makes every effort to enhance the quality of process outputs by recognizing and eliminating sources of defects and lowering the inconsistency in production and organization processes. It employs a variety of quality management systems, such as statistical methods, and forms a unique resource of individuals in an organization, consisting of â€Å"Black Belts†, â€Å"Green Belts†, and others, who have advanced skills in its implementation. Every Six Sigma task undertaken in any organization is based on a well-illustrated series of steps with quantified objectives to be met. These objectives can be monetary (minimization of costs or maximization of profits) or anything that is significant to the end user of that process (cultural change, reducing cycle time, lack of danger, and oth ers). Fig 3: Achieving cultural change through Six Sigma (Kaufmann Bieschke, 2009). Some features make Six Sigma to correspond to the other quality management systems. Six Sigma doctrine affirms that constant endeavors to realize stable and achievable process outcomes, for example lowering process inconsistencies, are essential in realizing the triumph of any organization. The processes in successful running of any organization have characteristics that are able to be quantified, evaluated, enhanced, and monitored. It also asserts that the process of realizing long-term quality objectives needs dedication from all parts of the organization, especially from the people in the top-level leadership positions. On the other hand, some aspects of Six Sigma distinguish it from the other quality management systems. It emphasizes on a clear focus on realizing computable and scientific financial outcomes when undertaking any Six Sigma task. There is more weight added to the importance of goo d management leadership and incorporation of everyone in proper running of the organization. To ensure that the goals of the Six Sigma approach are met, a unique resource of people is categorized into various belts to steer its projects. Six Sigma asserts that assessments are to be made based on provable facts, as opposed to making guesses. Six Sigma plays a vital role in assisting organizations to achieve the highest value while utilizing minimum input of resources. It realizes this by rationalizing the management by applying scientific techniques to processes and products. When an organization adopts the Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach, processes or products are enhanced in that they are more effective and efficient, or both. On the hand, if no process or products are present within the organization, or if the current processes or products have extensively undergone deterioration, then design for Six Sigma (DFSS), also referred to as DMADV (De fine, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify),strategy is employed to come up with effective and efficient processes or products. When Six Sigma approach is adequately incorporated in an organization, it reduces the negative influence that politics have on the well-being of an organization, better service to owners and customers, and the working environment becomes conducive for workers. The making of decisions is grounded on reason and rationality, as opposed to a mere back-room politics (Pyzdek, 2003, p. xv). Six Sigma uses various tools to meet the various quality requirements. These includes dashboards which serves the purpose of monitoring the processes of the organization, operational definitions, and data displays to assist in coming up with justifiable data. Comparing it with ISO 9001:2000 illustrates the possibility of relating both quality systems with one another. The evaluation tools for Six Sigma are usually added after its adoption in the organization. ISO 9001:2000 plays th e role of evaluating the internal and external requirements of organizations. By incorporating the Six Sigma approach to the ISO 9001:2000, an organization is able to establish Six Sigma as a component of its quality management system and therefore tremendously enhance the success of the Six Sigma program. ISO 14000 The ISO 14000 is a quality standard for environmental management systems that is relevant to any organization, despite of its market share, geographical location or status. Environmental sustainability has been the focus of most organizations for a long time now. The objective of the standard is to lower the environmental footprint of an organization and to reduce the level of contamination that an organization generates. Years of misuse and degradation has strained the environment to the point that continued toleration of this practice may leave nothing for the future generations to enjoy. In structure, it is parallel to ISO 9000 quality management systems and all of th em are applicable together. The focus areas illustrated in ISO 14000 is into two different areas. The first appertains to the management and evaluation systems of an organization; the next, appertains to environmental tools for product evaluation. Figure 4: The division within the ISO 14000 generic family of standards (Cascio, Woodside Mitchell, 1996, p.32). The ISO 14001 focuses on setting up of one or more environmental programs that seeks to realize the objectives and targets set by the organization (Piper et al., 2003, p.21; Morris, 2004, p.15). Management analyzing the benefits realized by implementing these environmental programs occasionally evaluates the relevance and efficiency of Environmental Management System (EMS). That advancement is assessed by performance estimation subsystem that injects its outcome expressly into the analysis process of the management. An important aspect of the management analysis process is derived form the routine EMS audits that are aimed at ensuring the sustenance of EMS and its proper working. The establishment of EMS is such that it gives structural and systematic approach to overall environmental management. The definitions in Section 3 of ISO 14001 help users in realizing standard interpretation and application of its requirements. â€Å"Rather than being prescriptive, the definitions serve to set the tone for the underpinnings of the standard, and provide guidance for the key elements of the environmental management system† (Cascio, Woodside Mitchell, 1996, p.37). Conformance to the set standards of ISO 14001 is a pointer of an organization’s readiness to preserve the environment. Application of environmental management strategies in a programmed manner gives the chance for environmental protection and uniformity in realizing environmental sustainability. The ISO 14001 stipulates technological specifications for organizations. The standards are applicable in any type of organization. ISO 14001 motiv ates organizations to reflect on application of the best readily available technology where necessary and financially within their means. This standard advocates for prevention of environmental contamination when installing new products or systems. Protection of the environment involves the â€Å"use of processes, practices, materials, or products that avoid, reduce, or control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, control pollution, which may include recycling, treatment, process changes, and efficient use of resources† (Cascio, Woodside Mitchell, 1996, p.38). The advantages of adhering to this standard include lowering of the rate of environmental degradation, increased performance, and reduction of costs. The environmental performance indicators may include â€Å"adherence to environmental permit, reporting, and other regulatory requirements, adherence to administrative requirements such as labeling, adherence to training schedules, and impr ovement in environmental areas such as recycling, energy conservation, and pollution prevention strategies.† The five major elements contained in ISO 14001 are illustrated in the following figure. Figure 5: The five major elements of an EMS (Cascio, Woodside Mitchell,  1996, p.39). Conclusion Organizations ought to come up with products and services that are of quality to meet the requirements of the consumers. In order for the consumers and the organization to have no fear that the needs and expectations of the customers will be satisfied, means that the organization must use processes that are quality oriented. The organization’s leadership ought to come up with an appropriate quality policy. This policy will give the framework of the organization’s overall aspirations and direction that appertains to quality. This policy is therefore the foundation for establishing quality objectives for different tasks and levels in the organization. Evaluating its effici ency and maintaining its improvement is essential after implementing the QMS. The areas that the management of any organization ought to look at that influence quality are â€Å"management activities, resources, product realization, and measurement of the implementation progress. In the process of defining their QMS, an organization should identify a structure that is relevant to its status. For example, an upcoming organization with easy procedures may establish a small QMS and may decide to incorporate the whole of it in a single document. On the other hand, a large organization with intricate procedures may decide to establish one top level Quality manual that clearly is a component of more elaborate process definitions found in different manuals. Every department may possess its own manual or alternatively, each type of business may have its own manual. References British Standards Institution, 2009. ISO 9001 Quality. Web. Cascio, J., Woodside, G., Mitchell, P., 1996. ISO 1400 Guide: The New  International Environmental Management Standards. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Global Quality Village, 2009. Eight principles of Quality Management. Web. International Organization for Standardization, 2009. Quality management principles. Web. Kaufmann, U.H. Bieschke, A., 2009. Using the Power of ISO 9000 and Six Sigma  Together. Web. Kishore, 2003. ISO 9001: 2000 For Software Organizations. New Delhi: Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company Limited. Morris, A., 2004. ISO 14000 environmental management standards: engineering  and financial aspects. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons Ltd. Pande et al., 2000. The Six sigma way: how GE, Motorola, and other top companies are  honing. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Piper et al., 2003. Continual improvement with ISO 1400. Stockholm: SINF miljokvaliter AB. Pyzdek, T., 2003. The Six Sigma handbook: a complete guide for green belts, black  belts. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.

How to Write a Romance Novel ðŸ ðŸ

How to Write a Romance Novel ðŸ’â€" 📕 How to Write a Romance Novel Romance novels have always captured our hearts - they contain the intrigue, intimacy, and basic human drama that all readers love. And while it was once a â€Å"shameful† genre read mostly in secret, romance today is having a huge moment, with mega-popular books like Outlander and Crazy Rich Asians even being adapted for film and TV. So why not get in on the zeitgeist and learn how to write a romance novel of your very own?Luckily, though love itself may be hard to explain, the process of writing about it isn’t. Here are our seven best tips for writing romance, including all the crucial elements you need. We’ll use examples from a variety of sources to show you how to employ them - though not all these examples are strictly romance themselves, their tropes and techniques are key to the genre. How to write romance that'll make your readers swoon  Ã°Å¸Ëœ  1. Find your nicheIf you've never even tried to write romance before, don’t worry - we’ll start you off easy. The first thing to know is that the genre, like Walt Whitman, is large and contains multitudes. There’s no one right way to write romance, as evidenced by the fact that it encompasses so many subgenres!Popular subgenres of romance include:HistoricalContemporaryYoung adultFantasyParanormal/supernaturalReligious or spiritualEroticSo if you’re concerned that your writing won’t â€Å"fit† with the genre, never fear: you just have to find the right niche. And the best way to do that is by reading romance yourself! Of course, you may have already read quite a bit within a particular subgenre and you’re confident that’s where you fit in. But if not, now’s the time to explore the many glorious facets that romance has to offer. 2. Set the stage effectivelySetting is absolutely paramount in romance. Why? Well, for a couple of reasons:Romance is all about escape - and if the setting isn’t immersive enough, readers won’t be able to lose themselves in the story.Many romance authors go on to write a series based on their first novel (more on that later). So the setting needs to be a place both reader and author will want to return to, book after book.What defines a strong setting in romance?Contemporary romances tend to have cozy, small-scale settings: quaint villages, college campuses, etc. There might be a local haunt where the main characters frequently meet (such as a diner or bookstore), and where gossiping friends and neighbors hang around to add a bit of comedy. If you’re sticking to the standard, you’ll want to have one of these â€Å"compact† settings where people can’t help but run into each other. 😉If you’re writing for a more specific subgenre , however, your setting could take on different qualities. For example, the historical romance Outlander takes place in a small settlement in the Scottish Highlands, but the constant tension and violence that occurs there doesn’t exactly make for a cutesy, cozy setting. Nevertheless, it works for the story because threats from the outside ultimately bring the main couple closer together. A strong main couple is key to compulsively readable romance. Image: Buena Vista Pictures4. Use tried-and-true tropesNow we’re getting into the meat and potatoes of the story. Again, there are so many possible paths for your main couple to take, it’d be impossible to describe them all! But here are just a few tried-and-true devices that many romance authors have used successfully. (If you’re hungry for more, you can always check out this post on classic romance tropes.)Friends/enemies to loversTwo of the most beloved romantic devices of all time. The main couple knows each other, but they just don’t see each other in that way - or they may not like each other at all.  Ã°Å¸Ëœ § Luckily, all that's about to change.Friends to lovers tends to work best when there’s another big conflict or project distracting one or both of the main characters, so they don’t get together until the very end. This is basically the plot of that Netflix movie Set I t Up: the two main characters are so focused on getting their bosses to fall in love, they don’t realize that they themselves would make a great couple.Enemies to lovers is the perfect device for two characters who clash in some fundamental way. For example, one might be very Type A and the other more Type B (see: 27 Dresses). Or one is a hardworking single parent while the other is a spoiled rich bachelor/bachelorette who’s never had to work a day in their lives (see: Overboard).And of course, there’s always enemies to friends to lovers - arguably the most effective and realistic iteration of this trope, as evidenced by Pride and Prejudice and When Harry Met Sally. The hero and heroine hate each other at first sight, gradually get to know one another and become friends, and ultimately fall deeply in love. It’s the perfect combination of fiery tension and genuine connection, and if you can pull it off, the payoff is incredibly satisfying.One helps the ot her one healAs we discussed, the hero in romance often has some deep psychological wound inflicted by his past. (The heroine can, too, but it’s more common among heroes.) It might just be a backstory detail, but it can also serve as a source of conflict for your couple: the damage impedes their relationship or his mental health, so the heroine has to help the hero heal.A prime example of this device occurs in Me Before You, in which the heroine, Louisa, literally becomes a carer for a quadriplegic man named Will. Will is bitter and depressed at first, but eventually he opens up to Lou and becomes much less negative - not to mention he helps her see own potential. We’re not going to give out any spoilers, but it’s safe to say that he’s much better off for having met her, and both agree that their time together was invaluable.Choosing each other all over againAh, the quintessential trope of Rachel McAdams movies. For those who haven’t seen The Noteb ook or The Vow, this device involves the hero and heroine either being separated for a very long time, or one of them outright forgetting who the other one is - due to amnesia, dementia, or some supernatural phenomenon. Then they have to choose each other all over again, hence proving that they’re well and truly soulmates. (For a more recent example, check out the season four Black Mirror episode â€Å"Hang the DJ.†)Also remember that, as much as readers love these devices, it’s still important to put your own spin on them. Infuse unique elements to add intrigue/suspense, or just for pure entertainment! For example, Ten Things I Hate About You is based on Shakespeare’s classic romantic comedy The Taming of the Shrew - but it’s set in modern day with high schoolers, which makes it much more fresh and accessible. A new romance book template... that's made for you Read post One of the best tactics for writing intimate scenes is to simply study those that you think are written well. The author you emulate will depend on your subgenre and personal taste, but some mainstream authors who write good, nuanced love and sex scenes are Curtis Sittenfeld, Sally Rooney, and yes, Nicholas Sparks. The more you read and hone your own language for it, the better your love scenes will be. Trust us: your readers will thank you. Tips for writing love scenes 🔠¥ and more on how to write romance ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸  6. Don’t neglect secondary charactersWhile the main couple is obviously where most of your characterization focus should be, secondary characters are critical to a well-rounded romance. After all, when the heroine’s agonizing over her hot-and-cold text conversation with the hero, who’s she going to ask for advice? Why, her Tinder aficionado roommate, of course.Secondary characters fill out the world of your romance novel. Friends, family, neighbors, coworkers, and even arch-enemies - say, someone who’s competing with one of your main characters for the other character’s interest - all contribute to making the story come to life.Best friends are typically the most important secondary characters in romance, since they’re the ones who dispense advice, give pep talks, and generally add color to the story. They’re often a little bit quirky, but that’s why the main characters love them†¦ and why readers do too!Still, ensure tha t most of the focus remains on your main couple, as we mentioned. Former Harlequin editor Ann Leslie Tuttle notes that secondary characters can sometimes become â€Å"too pervasive† in romance, which is a big no-no. â€Å"You don’t want to run the risk of making them more interesting than your own hero and heroine,† she says.Series potential?Having a solid secondary character presence is especially important if you want to turn your novel into a series. There are a few ways to create a series from a standalone romance, but one of the easiest (and most enticing to readers!) is to write the next novel about one (or two) of the secondary characters - especially best friends, siblings, or romantic competitors of the main characters. Emily Giffin does this seamlessly in her novels, Something Borrowed and Something Blue: two of the heroine’s best friends in the first book, who initially seem like opposites, end up getting together in the sequel.This strategy i s great because it ensures a smooth transition from book to book, since readers will already be familiar with the setting and cast of characters. Plus, it sets you up for a cycle that you could theoretically repeat ad infinitum: each new sequel simply centers around characters who were secondary in the previous book. Best of luck and have fun romancing your readers!  Ã°Å¸â€™ËœWhat's one of the best ways to hone your romance writing craft? Reading, of course! Here are some Reedsy Discovery lists of romance books to get you started (and possibly find your niche):40+ Paranormal Romance Books with Bite30+ Best Young Adult Romance Books That You Can't Miss Out OnThe 10 Best Historical Romance Novels Like Outlander

Learning Biography about Clinical Oncology Essay

Learning Biography about Clinical Oncology - Essay Example In order to meet the goals and objectives of clinical solutions, Brookfield (2005) argues that there is a dire need to instill change in the field of Oncology; both in terms of the work force change and techniques of handling various clinical trials. For a total transformation of the field of Clinical Oncology, it is important that the training programs are improved. In the current form of training, there is a great niche in the number of programs that are comprehensive in terms of methods of instruction in molecular and clinical oncology. In response, it is mandatory that novel approaches are applied in this field. For teaching and learning to be productive in the field of Clinical Oncology, there is a need to have a supple curriculum that allows for teaching methodologies that are all inclusive in terms of research and teaching in Clinical Oncology. Analysts propose novel teaching approaches like one-on- one teaching, e-learning so as to have flexibility and incorporate all learner s in the teaching and learning process. In the study of Clinical Oncology, various adult learning theories are applied. Among the theories of adult learning include; Andragogy. This model of adult learning theory motivates learners of Clinical Oncology in that; the model self directs learners towards their own learning. Ames and Ames (2000) argue that, in this model, learners govern the way in which they gain knowledge of and grasp concepts in the particular fields of study. Through, this model learners are in a position to grasp concepts in life, that allow them dictate their own means of learning (Edwards, 2005). In the field of Clinical Oncology it is important that learners grasp concepts that direct their own forms of learning. In Clinical Oncology, it is expected, that learners are well motivated and exposed to forms of learning that direct their own life experiences. Andragogy is linked to the ability to allow learners solve problems that they may face in their respective fie lds of learning. In this context, therefore, learners are in a position to discern the necessary skills required of them during the field of medical oncologists. Andragogy is directed towards solving problems rather than inculcating theoretical skills in the learners (Reynolds and Vince, 2007). In line to this argument, learners are subjected towards learning of concepts that relate medical oncology on a practical angle. It is important that learners in this field are exposed to practical aspects of learning concepts. For the Andragogy theory to be applied in the learning setting, it is important that learners are exposed to the concepts that are relevant to their areas of specialization. Analysts argue that adult learners must have a one on one contact with the contents of instruction. Statistics also indicate that, adult learners must be involved in the planning of their modes and contents of instruction. In the field, of Clinical Oncology, adult learners must be exposed to admini stration of therapy to individuals; for instance, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy amongst others. Andragogy allows for this practical view of adult learning in the field of Clinical Oncology. Learners are given an opportunity to learn through mistakes as well as experience in Clinical Oncology. Practically, learners are given prior introduction on how to deal with patients. First, learners are allowed to review

The most important lessons Catholic school principals should draw from Essay

The most important lessons Catholic school principals should draw from the history of Catholic Church - Essay Example The principals should understand that the most important task of any Catholic School is to maintain continuous strength of the schools. The history of Catholic Church gives out the important lessons that the principals should be aware. Such lessons are; the school should be sustained by gospel witness, have supernatural mission and vision, founded on Christianity, animated by communion and community, and filled with Catholic principals throughout. This essay gives an outline of all these five important lessons that Catholic School Head teachers should be familiar. Supernatural Vision The Catholic Church terms education as the process of transforming children to fix their eyes on heaven. The major purpose of Catholic Church education is to educate students to be good citizens and God-fearing ones. Therefore, the Schools’ Principals should ensure that they produce citizens who have good morals and follow the will of Almighty. Catholic Schools, unlike other institutions such as Government, business, and media, which view education as an instrument for acquisition information to students to improve their living standard and chances of worldly success, Catholic Churches’ vision of education is to help student improve their moral behaviors, be God loving, and become saints of the world to come. Christian Anthropology Foundation The Catholic Churches emphasizes on Supernatural destiny of students meaning that schools should perfect all students to become good images of God. The Catholic history describes that graces depends on the nature of the human beings. Therefore, the Principals should be aware that Catholic School educators should be able to understand the human person. The educators should have both natural and supernatural power of perfection of the students under their care (Stewart, 2008:212). However, the Catholic history emphasizes on schools educational philosophy built on a proper understa nding of what human person is. All the Catholic School educators should teach his lessons with Christianity concept. Therefore, Catholic Schools, unlike other public schools is not a factory of teaching skills to fulfill the skill requirement for business and industry, and must be founded on Christian Anthropology. Animated on Communion and Community According to Catholic History, a school is a community of persons and faith. Due to this emphasis, Catholic Schools are different from public schools and roots to the nature of human being and church reality. Therefore, catholic schools are educational community. Schools' Principals should be aware that Catholic schools are as a community according to the church Council (Stewart, 2008:121). The dimension of this community is a theological perception rather than sociological group. Catholic History defines school in four areas: teamwork of the involved, educators and bishops’ cooperation, teacher-students’ interaction, and physical environment of the school. The principal should ensure that the school adheres to all these aspects for a smooth running of the schools. Schools should be always imbued with Catholic Worldview One of the key factors of a Catholic school is the permeation of Catholicism spirit throughout its curriculum. According to Catholic history, the purpose of education in school is to perfect growth of the students. Education has the main purpose of developing students’ capability by improving his or her physical, psychological, moral standards, and religious capabilities (Stewart, 2008:293). In order for the school to produce integral students, it must have gospel guidance. Therefore, the principals should ensure tha

The New Politics of Public Policymaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The New Politics of Public Policymaking - Essay Example The result of this process is seen in the form of government acts and laws that often indicate some level of skepticism in it (Dionne, pp. 23-49). The policymaking has to go through several steps that include â€Å"establishing agenda, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination† (CliffsNotes, n.p.). However, history shows that very few policies have come to the point of termination (CliffsNotes, n.p). Another important factor that affects this process is financial analysis. The government is responsible for needs to set up financial skill set and its existence guarantees recognition by politicians and bureaucrats of the need for generalist skills in policymaking (Levin, Landy, & Shapiro, 35-47). Collecting survey data must also be within the allotted budget because in order to make effective policies, survey data must be accurate. In 1970s, United States underwent a major energy crisis due to the decline in the oil production and consumed more amount of the worlds energy as compared to its population; this had a tremendous impact on the social and economic situation of the country. In addition to that, the post world war conditions in 1960s had dramatically increased the United States population as a result it had the highest mass standard of living in the world history. All these factors combined gave birth to environmentalism, a movement concerned with the living conditions of creatures on earth. The growth of the movement was further advanced by the adverse conditions and extreme protests of the 60’s, which challenged imperialism, racism, and violence. Despite these diminishing conditions government failed to come up with effective policies as the Nixons Watergate scandal was in full swing, making it hard for them to take productive measures. The publication of books like Betty Friedans The feminine

Leadership Styles Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership Styles - Dissertation Example The guiding research question for the study asks whether there is a dominant leadership style (i.e. transformational, authoritarian, or laissez-faire) used by classroom teachers that helps students score 2400 or higher (commended status) on annual state-mandated assessments and if there are other factors that explain why scores are high under one teacher and why the same set of students can perform with low scores with another teacher. Statement of the Problem Scholars do not know how and to what extent classroom teachers using transformational, authoritarian, or laissez-faire leadership styles impact fourth- and fifth-grade elementary school students in consistently scoring 2400 or higher on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS), currently known as the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STARR); the Texas annual state-mandated test. The objective of the proposed study is to investigate the relationship of leadership styles of elementary teachers and fourt h- and fifth-grade students’ state-mandated test scores. ... Three alternatives may be used by classroom teachers, namely, the authoritative style, the laissez-faire style, and the transformational style. Students’ scores on state-mandated tests in fourth- and fifth-grade in an elementary school in Missouri City, Texas, will be utilized. Some students, for example, may have scored above the norm (i.e., 2400 or higher) in fourth grade on state-mandated tests, and the following year, those same students may have scored well below the norm, within the same school setting but with a different classroom teacher. The other variables under consideration are those which facilitate the learning process of students. See Figure 1. Researchers such as Jeanpierre (2004) have examined the topic of leadership styles in the classroom. However, they arrived at limited findings on the direct impact of leadership styles on students’ state-mandated test scores in elementary schools. In addition to elementary schools, community leaders, stakeholders, and business leaders also have public education systems under scrutiny to find evidence of leadership styles that motivate students to score consistently. The results of this study may reveal evidence regarding the correlation of leadership styles and student capabilities and achievements as measured by standardized testing. Logical Procedures In order to determine whether or not leadership style in teaching 4th and 5th grades will have a better impact on the level of learning based on test results of students, initial survey of available authoritative studies on this issue would have to be done. The term â€Å"teacher leadership† should first be defined and distinguished from other types of leadership. If initial research leads to a